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Robert H. Boll The Revelation, 4th Edition, Revised (2000) |
Chapter XIV
SURVEY OF THE WHOLE
Having in these brief studies covered the text of the Revelation, we are now prepared to take a last comprehensive view of the book as a whole. In no book is it easier to be sidetracked by matters of detail. In the study of this book it is especially important to hold to the main road, and to let side issues and questions be, until we have a clear vision of the main thought and purpose. In our studies thus far there has been much omission of details, the discussion of which would have lengthened and encumbered our study to the confusion of the reader. We have sacrificed detail to lucidity. Let us now once more look back upon the book. Let us trace its main course and mark the side streams and interruptions.
The simplest outline, plainly marked and dependable, is that which the Lord Himself gave in verse 19 of chapter one.
First: "The things which you (John) have seen."
Second: "The things which are."
Third: "The things which will take place after these things."
I. "The things which you have seen." could be none other than that vision of the Son of Man in Revelation 1, which John had just seen.
II. "The things which are." These are the church conditions then present (and still present) portrayed in Revelation 2 and 3.
III. "The things which will take place after these things" begins definitely at chapter 4:1; "After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven, and the first voice which I had heard, like the sound of a trumpet speaking with me, said, "Come up here, and I will show you what must take place after these things."
HISTORICAL AND FUTURIST INTERPRETATIONS
Did those things that "must take place after these things" begin to take place immediately after John's vision, and have they been taking place all along and ever since? Those who so hold are of the school of the historical interpretation.
Or do those things that "must take place after these things" belong to the future, to the time immediately preceding or connected with the Lord's return? Those who believe so hold the futurist interpretation.
The historical interpreters claim that chapters 4 to 22 is a prophetic sketch of the history of the church, from John's day till the coming of the Lord.
The futurist holds that Revelation 4 to 22 is a picture of the last times--the time of Christ's coming and the events just before, during and following it. The futurist interpretation does not necessarily and entirely exclude the historical, for there is always a present application, and there are in all prophecy many "springing and germinant fulfillments," so that history may indeed present many resemblances and counterparts of yet future, predicted events. Yet, in the main, it is safe to say that if the "historical interpretation" is right, the "futurist" is wrong; and vice versa.
Against the historical interpretation there are a number of grave objections; chiefly, that after 1900 years no conclusive evidence of fulfillment can be shown. For though it may be granted that a resemblance here and there to some event of the past can be traced in the prophecy, the reputed "fulfillments" are in no case really conclusive and convincing, and are, for the most part, very dubious and fanciful. History has been pretty well ransacked, and we fear that sometimes the facts, sometimes the prophecy, have been trimmed to fit. Moreover, it makes the prophecy of this book practically worthless. "Of what use," asks the simple reader, "is a book to me which depicts in symbols too mysterious for a common man to comprehend, various and sundry events and happenings of the past, the mere tracing of which requires the ability of an able historian, and which, after they are traced out, are of only doubtful worth and validity?" If such be the character of prophecy what wonder if people turn from it in despair? Perhaps the present prejudice against the Revelation is in great part due to this commonly received historical "interpretation," its arbitrary devices (as, for example, the "year-day theory," according to which a day is supposed to stand for a year) and its far-fetched and fanciful "fulfillments" which no man can verify.
The "futurist" interpretation, though not free from difficulty, has this in its favor, that it requires no trimming, or manipulation of the word of God. The futurist is not obliged to discover or to manufacture [52] resemblances between the prophecy and the course of past history. He can afford to let the text stand in its own fair meaning, regardless of whether it fits anything or not. To him the book speaks for itself, and that suffices. In the absence of convincing and manifest fulfillment in the past, this seems decisive in favor of the futurist interpretation.1
Accordingly, we see that the Key-text (1:7), "BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS," announces the great theme of the book. The vision of the Son of man in chapter 1 is introductory to this; and the messages to the seven churches, comprising about a tenth of the book, are all references to that sublime event.
When at the beginning of the future section (4:1) we see the Lord Jesus take the seven-sealed book, it is the first step of His returning. Meanwhile, His judgments fall upon the world; and in 19:11 He comes in Person, accompanied by the saints, who had previously been caught up to Him, to overthrow the hosts of wickedness arrayed against Him: the Beast, the False Prophet, and the kings of the earth with their armies.
THE STRAIGHT COURSE
The rapid survey shows that the book of Revelation is very orderly in its construction. System and method mark its composition throughout. After the Introductory Vision (chapter 1) and the Messages to the Seven Churches (chapters 2, 3) the third and chief part of the book, the "Things to Come," comprises three main parts again:
The "Vision of Heaven" of chapters 4 and 5 requires no further subdivision. But the three judgment series are as follows:
This is the main trunk line, as it were, that runs through this book. But a number of parenthetical portions come in, which are supplementary or explanatory in their nature. These parenthetical portions are:
Finally, in the "Issue and Consummation," we find the following items:
The book concludes with an Epilog (22:10-21).
THE VALUE OF THE BOOK
"A book is valuable chiefly for its power to inspire," said a wise man of the world in regard to human writings. Apply that standard to the Book of Revelation. Is it a very inspiring book? To what does it inspire the Christian reader? [53]
You have found some difficulties in the book. Now read it through once for what you can readily understand in it. Which portion is the larger--that which you can easily understand, or that which you cannot? You can get the lesson of a scripture even when you cannot understand it in its details and strict interpretation. See if you can get any lessons from the portions which in detail you can not understand. What is the sum and lesson of the whole book in your judgment?
As suggested at the close of the first chapter, see what the Revelation teaches on the following great themes:
IN REVIEWING THE BOOK,
Mark:
And note carefully how all that transpires on earth emanates from heaven; but, in turn, all that is decreed and transacted in heaven is caused by something that takes place on the earth. And note the constant interaction between the things seen and the things unseen, throughout the whole drama.
PRINCIPLES, DEVELOPMENTS, ISSUES
Last, but not least, the value of the book lies in its revelation of principles and tendencies which are present and active in the world today, showing us their final outcome and issue. As Paul declares that "the secret power of lawlessness is already at work," biding its time until it shall come to its full flower and head--so the mystery of the kingdom is also working, awaiting its hour of maturity and manifestation. None of the great issues set out in this book are arbitrary and unrelated to the times and circumstances that went before them. Back of every great event and crisis you will find a process and development leading up to it; and back of every development some sort of beginning. If a joyful harvest is reaped, be sure there must have been a previous sowing in tears, and toiling in sorrow and conflict. If a judgment falls be sure the cause of it was planted and nursed in sin. The causes of the great events portrayed in the Revelation are working here and now.
We do not recognize a plant readily in its early stage, nor can we discern the nature and full meaning of a principle till we have seen its ultimate issue and fruition. We can judge the significance of Christ's humble ministry and cross better when we see the tremendous worldwide effect. We understand the importance of the Christian's battle and victory much better when we see the result "to him who overcomes." The Dragon is with us, but under his manifold guise we do not perceive his fiendishness, his terrible power, his awful downward course to ruin, until it is unveiled in this Apocalypse. The Beast is here in spirit and principle, ever working and striving to emerge from under the surface of human affairs--a potency that must (and sooner or later will) express itself in some fit man and organization. The inward leaven of lust, and greed of gold and power; the forces of worldliness and idolatry, of unbelief and rebellion against God, of pride and selfishness--these all tend to embody themselves in men, find expression in events, and are destined to head up in a person and supreme issue at last. And the true meaning of sin is seen at last in the lake of fire, as salvation will at last be manifested in the New Jerusalem. [54]
Thus in the Revelation we have the picture of the end and outcome of things, that we may be able to judge things that now are and the principles and leadings to which we commit ourselves.
Finally, I would suggest to the student some
THINGS TO NOTICE AND TO CONSIDER
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[TR4R 52-56]
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Robert H. Boll The Revelation, 4th Edition, Revised (2000) |