The first church was begun in 1881 and a total of eight arose in the middle and twentieth century periods. They are mostly urban and correspond somewhat to the later type of promotion--in cities and towns. The newer western attempts at founding are as characteristic of enterprise and devotion as the earlier ones in the East.

      Middle Period: Portage LaPrairie, Minnedosa.

      Twentieth Century: Winnipeg (Kate St., Home St.), Swan River, Riding Mountain, Manigotogan Mission, Winnipeg (St. James), Norwood.

      A Church in the Canadian West was first the dream of some good Ontario sisters, who were virtually leaders in having the missionary spirit, over against the obstacle of some conservatism which considered women should merely be silent partners in church life.¹ But is was also perhaps an earlier dream of a company of persons who migrated from Ridgetown, Ont., in 1871, to what what was then known as a Red River Settlement, where Portage LaPrairie now stands, sixty miles west of Winnipeg on the main line C.P.R.² Their first aid in establishing the cause there was Andrew Scott, an Ontario man, sent forth by the enterprise of women of Ontario. After a journey of weeks, (owing to there being no direct rail connections with Manitoba) he reached his destination September, 1881, and forthwith began an active career as a church founder. He joined with the 1871 group, who for ten years had kept religious fires burning by way of worship and communion services in their own homes. Here were elements of progress: a deep and increasing sense of women's responsibility for spreading the gospel in Ontario; a newly-called agent with pioneer zeal; and lastly a prepared people. Scott found them all ready to go forward. Organization of a church of Christ was effected on 10 November, 1881, by Andrew Scott as missionary pastor. The leading families then in the work were those of Thos. Sissons, Sr., Thomas Sissons, Jr., Mrs. J. Conner, A. D. Yuill, Wm. Kitson, Peter Campbell, Mrs. F. Ogletree, in all about twenty-five members. "Father" Sissons was appointed elder and his son Thomas deacon; also John Conner, deacon. Scott not long after started a Sunday School, which is still going. About 1890 the church adopted the new [605] Christian Endeavor movement, which has helped so many young Christians toward efficiency in church life. And in time the group known as Young People came into being, with aims toward the four-fold life. The importance and value of these teaching and experiencing methods cannot be overestimated. Another local organization was the Willing Workers band of sisters, who aided the church in all ways known to them. This group in time was succeeded by the W.M.S. For some time the group met in halls, until 1882, when a building was erected.

      Advance through evangelism has always been a method of Disciples and Portage shared gloriously in this heritage. No complete record can be given. The work of W. J. Wright, evangelist of the American Christian Missionary Society was outstanding in (about) the year 1908, when the question of union with Baptists was to the fore. A notable "tabernacle" meeting was held by the W. J. Minges Company in 1911, and the meeting had remarkable results in outreach. Two young people came into Christ at this time who were especially to devote themselves to Christian service, first attending Eugene University, Oregon, as a preparation. This brought into the Canadian work Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Johnston, who served with acceptance at Calgary (1917-19), then in Portage, Man., and also in Coburg St. church, St. John, N.B. from (approximately) 1923 to 1929; in addition Bro. Johnston was secretary-evangelist for the Maritime Missionary Society, whilst Mrs. Johnston was secretary for the Women's provincial Missionary Society. Other evangelists who contributed greatly to Portage were J. A. L. Romig, 1901-2, John H. Wells and Jasper Bogue. The work that evangelism does for a church is often a contribution to the whole cause, for not every baptized person can be located in the church where his faith is first aroused. The membership of Portage has been higher in the past, but is now placed at 120, of which fifty are active. There has been some decline since 1929, owing to removals, many deaths of old and liberal members and the loss of some to other groups; the result has been that the church has received some aid from the U. C.M. Society so as to carry on effectively.

      Some leaders may be mentioned here. Thos. Sissons, Sr. "a wonderful help both spiritually and materially." Henry Ogletree filled the office of church secretary from 1898 to 1924. Lorne Conner taught Bible class for some years; he is credited with bringing into the S.S. sixty pupils; an unassuming, patient man, who served his church faithfully. He acted as pastor [607] for a year and a half. (See Riding Mountain.) D. W. Yuill is (1945) chairman of church board. To the wives of certain ministers recognition is gratefully accorded in the persons of Mrs. M. V. Romig, Mrs. E. C. Nicholson, Mrs. W. J. Johnston, Mrs. O. W. McCully, Mrs. C. E. Harvey.

      The church built its first home in the summer of 1882, at the corner of Lorne Avenue and 9th St., at a cost of $3,500. It was dedicated by Andrew Scott and Edmund Sheppard (both from Ontario) practically free of debt. The membership was then around seventy-two. In 1881, a parsonage was built, in the time of A. H. Finch. In 1895 a property was bought on Anne St. and improved largely by donated labor, directed by J. E. Crewson, during the pastorate of an Ontario preacher, John Munro. During the pastorate of J. A. L. Romig a fine building was erected and finished in 1903, by a committee headed by Henry Ogletree. Archie McLarty was the contractor. Its cost was $15,000, which may not have included the very extra expense of providing the solid oak pews on floor and in gallery, and the pulpit furniture and communion table. The material was solid brick, with beautiful stained glass windows; a tower entrance leading diagonally across the building to the pulpit with baptistry on one side and choir and organ space on the other. Upstairs was the pastor's study. The basement was commodious, with class room, auditorium, kitchen, making the whole one, one of the finest we have in Canada. In April, 1943, a parsonage was incorporated within the gallery space.

      The ministers who have served follow: Andrew Scott, 1881-3; A. H. Finch, May, 1887-94; John Munro, 1894-9; M. P. Hayden, 1899-1902; J. A. L. Romig, 1903-06; P. H. Green, 1906-08; union with Baptists, January to June, 1908; E. C. Nicholson, 1908-14; T. A. Hall, 1914-15; H. Baker, 1916-17; L. A. Chapman, 1917-19; W. J. Johnson, 1919-May 1923; G. W. Ford, 1923-6; Lorne Conner, Dec., 1926-June, 1928; O. W. McCully, summer 1929; B. D. McCallum, 1929-3 1; Francis Reed, 1931-March, 1932; O. W. McCully, 1932-6; J. W. Turner, 1939-40; N. O. Nolte, summer, 1941; Don Bailey, summer, 1942; H. L. Richardson began his pastorate on Nov. 1, 1942, and continued in an expanding service until ill-health caused his retirement to Ontario in 1946.

      A church is scarcely a Church of Christ unless it attempts to serve widely, other than its own members. Portage pastor takes turn in conducting services at the hospital and School-Home for Mental defectives at the Women's Gaol. Wider still, in 1943 outreach was made to Sioux Indian village, S.E. of Portage, and farther S.E. at the South Ridge Road., School, [608] with community congregation. This last service has to be cancelled during the worst winter weather, but it is continued at the Indian village. Bro. Richardson, with some voluntary help, repaired the church building there and conducted half-way summer Bible school, gospel hymns, the three R's and drawing exercises. This was renewed later and continued until the early winter. Usually a weeknight meeting is held. Several of the Indians have confessed Christ, though not yet baptized. Two of them read the New Testament in Sioux and now have hymnals translated for the Dakota tribes, essentially their tongue. Much remains here to be developed. Bro. Richardson, in an early part of his career, served needy Indian people religiously on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, also at Hodgson, Man., and later at Aylmer, Ontario.

      Portage church now enjoys regular gospel services, communion on Lord's days, Sunday School, good prayer meetings, Y.P. meetings, girls' C.G.I.T. meetings, also meetings for boys. Usually there is a monthly adult class feature, with Bible topics, guest speaker, and from these there are to be anticipated baptisms. (This refers to the pastorate of H. L. Nicholson).

      The church passed through a sort of crisis in the year 1908. At that time, through the agency of W. T. Stackhouse, superintendent of Baptist missions, much interest was aroused in the West about the possibility of uniting Baptists and Disciples, and hopes were high for a time. The church being then without a minister, the idea was favorably considered and accepted. Unfortunately (the writer is so informed) dissensions arose in both congregations over the introduction of "minor points of doctrine", and amicable separation was the only way to agreement, greatly to the disappointment of the majority. Not every church has this experience. During the years 1909-1929 there were differences as to the disposition of missionary funds, and for a time support was sent to C. B. Titus, in S. Africa. But the support of the United Christian Missionary Society (Indianapolis) was re-organized by B. D. McCallum as pastor. The local W.M.S. had been carrying on loyally and quite early won a banner at the International Convention, during the ministry of E. C. Nicholson. This Women's Missionary Society was organized in 1907, with Mrs. Green as president, Agnes Yuill, secretary. The highest membership was reported in 1922, with sixty-three members and an offering of $228. In 1909 this Society had fifteen life members, which was the highest record of any society at that date. In 1911 a Girls' Circle was organized with membership of twenty-one; [609] Lillian Sissons, president, Kitty Cole, secretary, Bertha Kitson, first treasurer. In 1920 the offering was $272. and the highest membership was thirty-four. A Mission Band was organized by Mrs. E. C. Nicholson, in 1911, with a membership of forty-five. In 1923, under the leadership of Mrs. W. J. Johnston, they reached the highest record of any Band in Canada with eighty members, offering $45. (These mission facts from Mrs. Romig.) Thus Portage has had its 'up' as well as its 'downs', and preceding the coming of Bro. Richardson as pastor, there were still faithful brethren and sisters who were able to carry on the church's life.

      A glance back at pioneer days of 1881 is afforded by a manuscript of Andrew Scott, "Planting a Church in Canada." In it he relates that the first to obey the gospel at Portage were Thos. Sissons and wife. They were baptized in the Assiniboine river before an immense crowd of spectators, mostly whites, but many Indians and half-breeds, the great majority of them seeing an immersion for the first time. These 'firsts' have been leaders and their children have followed in their steps. Mr. 'Scott also tells of the coming of the Campbell family from Ridgetown, Ontario. Among them a lad of fourteen named George Campbell, who was led to Christ during the ministry of Bro. Scott. He resolved to be a Christian minister and received education at Drake University, Iowa, and Chicago University; later had a long pastorate in Chicago (Austin Blvd.) and ended a long career by a pastorate at Union Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. He also served a year as president of the International Convention of Disciples, and edited the Christian-Evangelist for some years before his retirement. His death occurred in 1943. Though serving greatly abroad he kept in touch with Ontario and hoped that this history might inform him how his Presbyterian family got amongst the Disciples.

      The pioneers have long since passed, with rare exceptions, and a new generation must assume their tasks with equal or better devotion. We may rejoice that with the years, breadth of 'vision and spirit have increased. Portage has been saved from the fate of churches which attempt to hold and manifest the expansive spirit of the Christ within their own four walls. The church has been said to have reached its highest point during the ministries of Bro. Nicholson and Bro. Johnston. Outside conditions then were favorable and the people seemed responsive; this with recognition of the good efforts of other pastors. It again appears to be in line with progress. The mission spirit is manifest when aid is carried to "others", after Christ's example. [610]

      The Ontario Christian Women's Board of Mission sought the establishment of a cause here soon after they organized in Guelph in June, 1887. It was, after Portage LaPrairie, the second effort to capture a place in the Canadian West. Miss Jennie Fleming of Owen Sound, was treasurer and leader in the effort, which was really the women's first independent effort; previous ones were but assisting. On the ground was E. J. Darroch, formerly of Minto township, Ontario, and its pioneer church; and he figures in a later Saskatchewan work. Preaching was started regularly by F. H. Lemon, who in June, 1889 became a graduate of Drake University, Iowa. A. H. Finch, another Ontario young preacher, also gave some labor. The first aim was to produce a house of worship and this was done by June, 1890, when it was dedicated. By October of 1890, the record shows, an old-time preacher named C. J. Lister was engaged in trying to make an entrance to another citadel of conservative religious prejudices. The effort had to be abandoned after March, 1893. From several gospels comes a hint that the ground might have been 'stony'.

      The eyes and ears of eastern Disciples were turned toward the Canadian West for decades. They knew that to 'be a people' in Canada the West must be entered with strength. J. B. Lister--a preacher son of pioneer C. J. Lister (then of Winnipeg but later to move farther west), voiced this longing in the Canadian Evangelist, June, 1892. "John McKee, of Irvington, Ind., has arrived in the city to urge a complete return to the doctrine and practice of New Testament Christianity." However, the attempt had to be abandoned after about three months' work, according to a report to an Ontario June meeting in 1893.

      In October, 1901, a Convention assembled in Portage church and formed an Association for active missionary work in Manitoba and the West. It made Winnipeg its first objective. During the following year some funds were raised and a meeting was held by J. A. L. Romig (of the A.C.M.S.) in September, 1902. This meeting added sixteen to the group, making thirty-four. (See chapter 9.) The group thus formed was destined to begin the founding of a N.T. church in this capital of the Canadian West. The home and counsel of W. H. H. Graham, American Consul, were at the service of the Disciples from the first (for an identical event see London, Ontario). The group first met for public worship on Sunday, September, 27, 1902, with J. A. L. Romig as preacher. Official records credit M. P. [611] Hayden as the organizer October 26, 1902. (Bro. Hayden--one of several Ohio preachers of that name-was active in pioneer work in the West. At that time he was executive of the Western Canada Christian Missionary Association, and J. A. McMillan was its president.) Those listed as charter members are: Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Black, Mary E. Black, Wm. J. Beaton, A. F. Campbell, W. H. H. Graham, Mrs. Graham, J. A. McMillan, Mrs. McMillan, Paul Hayden, Jennie Llewellyn, Mrs. Flora McMillan, Harold Thompson, Richard Tapping, D. M. Webb. The church undertook the purchase of a building at Kate and McDermot streets. It required both alterations and repairs; this was accomplished at a cost of $1000. Disciples began to gravitate to the cause and during the winter there were received P. H. Currie, of Cecil St., Toronto; R. G. McKeag and Martha McKeag, of Guelph, Ont.; Mary McDiarmid, of Ridgetown, Ont.; and Lizzie Drew of London, Ont. By July, 1903, an election of officers was held and organization completed, as follows: elders, W. H. H. Graham, L. D. Kight: deacons Ernest Shaw, R. G. McKeag and A. P. Campbell; W. C. Black was clerk and W. H. H. Graham, treasurer. Thus was Winnipeg's first Christian Church launched on its way, with hope and prayers supporting the effort, and a host of distant well-wishers and supporters in the East.

      Co-operation was a vital principle, and the whole story reveals what may be done by that means. Financial assistance was given by the following boards: Western Canada Christian Missionary Association, $200; the Ontario Christian Women's Board of Missions, $100; church at Portage LaPrairie, Man., $300; outside friends $100; a brother in Baltimore, Md., $100; the church people about $850; besides a contribution of $65 to mission work. W. H. H. Graham, ere leaving the city, gave $650. J. A. McMillan wrote to the Christian Messenger, March 31, 1904, "Our property is easily worth $4,300; against it there is $1,925. I have never before worked with people so willing to contribute according to ability". Here is evidenced a spirit that has run through the church and enabled it eventually to gain a high per cent of liberality. At this time the active membership was but thirty-four; the original sixteen members had received thirty-three others, but removals and a few deaths reduced the number to thirty-four. Nine members resided in other parts of the West; two who took letters to Fargo, N.D. had helped in starting a church there. Such are some of the obligations and burdens imposed on those who make advances for the kingdom's sake. [612]

      On January 18, 1904, a name appears in the records destined to be potent in the life of the congregation, that of George H. Stewart. (As a youth he came to Winnipeg from his home church, Everton, Ontario via Cecil St., Toronto.) He with Mrs. Stewart came into the work in September, 1903. The church's records at this point reveal a stress familiar to many readers who have been themselves pioneers in church life. We learn of frequent need of repairs to a leaking baptistry, of a bill of $6.50 for wood, $1. for light, and $1.25 for cutting wood and carrying it into the church. Caretaking was almost a free-will offering on the part of some.

      In December, 1904, it is apparent that finances are a strenuous part of Kate St. efforts. George H. Stewart proposes that $500 be raised by allotting shares of $5. each to members, which was done. Considerable effort was needed to get evangelists to come the great distance, owing to expense. In 1903, evangelist M. P. Hayden reports a favorable phase in that building improvements were completed and happily paid for. J. A. McMillan, wrote of the accomplishment in a city of 60,000 people, the building up within a year of a church of thirty-eight members, with a good church house, in good financial condition (Report to A. C. M. Society, quoted from M.C.). During this period the A.C.M.S. was aiding by the gift of $500 yearly. T. W. Defore, E. C. Mobley, and B. Burton served brief pastorates. In 1904 the pastor could report a membership of fifty-one, a gain of fifteen during the year. The resident membership of forty-three was increasing. The board of Church Extension undertook the debt of $2,000, said to be worth $4,000. In 1909 Bro. A. N. Simpson (from P.E.I.) succeeded as pastor. He reported to the A.C.M.S. that a new building for the "First Church" is contemplated; that there had been raised for all purposes through the year $6,229.53; of this amount $430.79 was for missions; and for a lot $2,040.72. Thus power was seen as a result of consecration. With a growing membership there was created belief in a future. In March, 1910, the church was faced with the necessity of attempting something actually large. The property attained was unsuitable; but there was a growing value in a Sunday School of one hundred and fourteen, and an Adult Bible class of ninety; and new people were being interested. So the sense of a "forward movement" was born. Winnipeg's strategic position as the gateway of the West, and the necessity of occupying the growing opportunities there, placed upon this little group a great responsibility, which they endeavored to make evident to those farther off. An appeal was issued to the Brotherhood through the Christian Standard. E. C. Mobley [613] (previously a pastor) was appointed to solicit funds. Seldom has there been in Canada the equivalent opportunity. Meantime the congregation made a move to a situation at Arlington and Westminster streets, but it was insufficient. In 1914 the opportunity for a real advance came. The present Home Street property, corner of Preston, was bought from the Congregational church, through the aid of the department of Church Erection. During the years leading up to this important move the church was served in turn by John R. Blunt and Charles M. Ross, and with a lessening of aid from time to time the A.C.M.S. was able to help Winnipeg during the years 1902-20.

      A characteristic of the church must be noted here and that is its mode of government. In July, 1903, the church decided that a board of management should direct every matter which was not settled at a general meeting of the church. This board was made up of two elders, three deacons, the trustees, the S.S. superintendent, and the highest officer of any society within the church: the latter, of course, taking in women. In June, 1920, Hugh B. Kilgour, of Toronto came to Winnipeg to begin his six years of ministry. It was at the point in his career in which he decided to leave teaching and adopt preaching of the gospel permanently; so he brought decisive energy into the task and carried it through his six years of service, to August, 1926, when he began to serve All-Canada. During 1922, an addition was built, capable of seating three hundred persons, and having eight classrooms. This gave the church greater working space and room for social contacts within the church-of great value. A financial record, printed in the Christian Messenger, October, 1922, is of significance.

      During that year the sum of $9,517 was raised: of this $1,175 was given to Manitoba missions; $500 to general missions, Living Link, $455; or a per capita of $56.59 for all purposes, or, for missions only, $16.23. George H. Stewart, in presenting this report at a convention, stated that since October, 1921, the church had paid all its expenses; and when that point is attained, after long struggle, something may be written down as accomplishment. Early in 1927, W. L. Reese became pastor, ably assisted in the task by Mrs. Reese, who was an exceedingly able woman. Home St. entered upon a vigorous presentation of the cause for which it had been established.

      The chronicler has no facts for the following statement, but there has been stressed from time to time, the value of the service of Mr. George H. Stewart in his Bible class work. And other informants have related that Home St. is not dependent upon the presence of a preacher (and a church is [614] not fully a church until it is independent) since its services, including a sermon, were very often undertaken by Bro. Stewart and sometimes by others, in which class Dr. Mary Cornelius also figured. (These points are mentioned for their interest, since they are not common in these chronicles.) But these talents so employed are not unusual accompaniments of a church carrying on as a mother group to two others in the community, (meaning St. James and Norwood) developed in time as recorded elsewhere. To turn backward somewhat, it may be pointed out that the period of Bro. A. N. Simpson's ministry (1909-15) was a very fruitful building time, since in those years the decision to sell the old Kate St. church was taken and, accomplished; two other building lots were bought; a Bible school was begun in St. Boniface (Norwood), a fine lot secured for the erection later of a church building. These were the years "when there were no Alps" (Canadian Disciple, June, 1929, article by N. S.). It is apparent that Dr. W. C. Macdougall, of Toronto, was minister, but temporarily, owing to his removal to the College work in Toronto. He served from February to July, 1928. Arch. A. Allan, College graduate, was then minister for the summer months, and in December it is noted that George H. Stewart and Dr. Mary Cornelius were again pulpiteers of record. Other records make plain speaking ability enjoyed by Home St., through the services of Miss Mildred McMurray and Kathleen McArthur, well-known for their use of brilliant talents. In January, 1929, G. W. Baney became minister, serving but briefly. Going forward to December, 1929, another milestone is noticed in a re-organization of Young People's work, which had been under the direction for some years of Mrs. George H. Stewart. Her class was called 'Loyal Workers', and they attested their loyalty and affection for their unusual teacher by an address and presentation. The reader who knows church life can affix appropriate merit to such occasions, here briefly recognized but full of meaning. It is by great leaders within the church that the cause is advanced. No preacher alone can ever thrust forward a church to the limit of its usefulness. Organization, and leaders, and spirit tell the tale of success. In musical leadership it is apparent that Herbert Fowler built up not only musical services but loyalty and affection for himself in so doing. What is a church without a loyal 'treasurer', usually holding his office for years and attracting to himself the affection and trust of the members. D. M. Webb was such a treasurer and in December 1930, he resigned his office after twenty-six years service. He was succeeded by Stewart Royce for a somewhat brief period, then followed by M. C. Pratt, who not only has [615] continued in this office ever since (to 1947) but is the secretary-treasurer of the Manitoba Christian Missionary Association, and in spite of his double job still remains popular. The records (Canadian Disciple) reveal that there was friendly recognition of talent employed in the church's service. One was the affectionate presentation of birthday cakes to George H. Stewart and to Walter Armstrong, under the chairmanship of Allan Armstrong (frequently noted in that position) and sponsored by Dr. Mary Cornelius as donor. (This event is mentioned because of its unusualness: probably just a habit in Home St.) In the same issue of our national paper Home St. is advertised as a 'young peoples church', which is a position not always easy to maintain. It is likely that years are not counted in Home St. too carefully, as it is noticed that in February, 1931 Dr. Mary Cornelius is being honored on the occasion of her completing fifty-two years of service in Bible School. "The greatest joy of her life" she called it. In November, 1931, the following names of officers are recorded as having been just elected to places of honor: Chairman of Board, Allan Armstrong; leader of Song, Herbert Fowler; elders Dr. Charles Cornelius, George H. Stewart, J. Walker, E. E. Wooldridge; deacons: W. H. Villet, J. Williamson, A. Armstrong, H. Fowler, E. K. Pratt, S. J. Royce, L. Harland, F. Snowden, F. H. Murray; deaconesses: Dr. Mary Cornelius, Mrs. A. Davidson, Miss R. Curtis, Miss V. Dixon, Miss Ada Stewart, Miss Mildred McMurray, Mrs. G. McKeag. In May, 1931 the Canadian Disciple reports that two Winnipeg boys had been called to serve the church--C. Andrew Lawson (his first pulpit), and as associate director of religious education, G. Hayden Stewart. During their joint ministry a school of missions was projected and held, beginning January, 1932. It lasted six weeks and was staffed by pastor and other workers of the congregation. In January, 1936, C. A. Lawson reports experience with services which begin with a sermon and are continued in discussion group. They were said to have greatly increased attendance. Stanley L. Shipley (of Rodney, Ontario) became pastor in early 1937. In January, 1939, O. L. Clary was appointed pastor and it is noted that Dr. Fred. Henderson is being 'missed" on account of absence at college in preparation for his proceeding to a mission field in Africa. (Later, he and Mrs. Henderson did sail on the S.S. "Zamzam", which was torpedoed, and these missionaries with others suffered internment by the Germans.) In March, 1939, occurred another of the Brotherhood Dinners which Home St. seems to have made its practice to observe. In April, 1939, the three Winnipeg churches observed the "Brotherhood Dinner" together, at which the Hendersons [616] were farewelled for Africa. Charles H. Bloom served an ad interim ministry. L. C. Butler was called in November, 1942. The year 1943 was marked by a debt reducing program of considerable size. Home St. seems at all stages to have been well managed financially. Its remarkable establishment (largely by direct giving), its gifts to missions (in city, province, and world divisions) all point to its attainment of a high place of leadership in mission giving. And this all points to the presence of a large teaching element of 'Missions'. A Women's Missionary Society was formed early in the work of Home St., Mrs. J. A. McMillan being first president. Names of many of the leaders are known across the country, such as Mrs. Clara Clendenan (deceased), Mrs. A. Davidson, Mrs. G. H. McKeag, Miss Ruby Curtis, Mrs. Romig, Miss Olive Leslie, Mrs. M. Singleton. Mrs. Louise Hercus seems to have been foremost in C.G.I.T. work.

      In December, 1945, E. Lyle Harvey of Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan, became the pastor, after receiving his discharge from a chaplaincy in the American Army in the same month. He served in Europe, and for 'conspicuous service' and conduct at Normandy Beach and the battle of the Bulge, he received the Purple Heart and the bronze medal.

      Before the 1945 Manitoba convention (George H. Stewart, president), a Future Work Committee was appointed to study the whole Manitoba situation with particular reference to St. James and Norwood work. Amongst other things their report included a recommendation that a minister be secured to start his work by September, 1946. It was hoped by the Association and the Committee that a minister could be secured for both churches and that failing this, one man should serve both groups until two could be secured. They recommended also that an adequate salary and suitable living quarters should be provided rent free. H. Bruce Stainton was engaged to serve the two points. His salary is shared by both mission points, by the Manitoba Missionary Association, the All-Canada Committee, and the Home department of the U.C.M. Society, Indianapolis. Finding it was impossible to rent a suitable home in either district to be served, the board purchased a parsonage in Norwood, with the assistance of the board of Church Extension. This is valued at $8,500. Mr. and Mrs. Stainton and family arrived just a week before the 1946 convention and entered into occupancy of the home. With E. Lyle Harvey in Home St. and H. Bruce Stainton in Norwood and St. James, the spirit of the Winnipeg churches is excellent. Much may be expected from these young leaders and the churches they serve. [617]

      Winnipeg is strategically situated, near the centre of Canada from East to West. As such it has received the attendance and call of travelling Disciples who can make a stop, and many have done it. Not all the good points of this central church in Canada have been noted, but enough to reveal that it is fulfilling the mission of its leaders, who laid deep foundations, hoping and praying that something permanent might mature in this gateway-of-the-west city. It seems to have been achieved, and for this we call it a victory for Christ and for some of his followers.

      This group at Swan River is another tribute to the nostalgic memories of religious peoples (whether Disciples or not) when their privilege of common worship is cut off. Some members of Collingwood and Glencairn, Ontario, churches found themselves in this position, and a group of twenty-six (of which six were Disciples) gathered in the home of Mr. and Mrs. McKay (formerly of Collingwood). This was in October, 1897. At this time J. Dawson Stephens and his family, from Glencairn, were likely associated with the attempt. Meetings were continued and were sometimes ministered to by A. H. Finch. Others were added--Ed. Darroch (formerly of Minto, Ont.) a Brother Noah, and sister Laura Brundage. With this outlook J. A. L. Romig came and preached and organized a church, in March, 1903. In a new country, with scattered disciples of any Christian faith, it is somewhat easy to get together for worship. This seems to indicate that this idea of a common loyalty to Christ is a surer foundation towards unity than any particular doctrine or belief; for all doctrine and its power rests upon Christ Jesus alone.

      In this village in the Neepawa district was born the hope of a church in which to glorify the Lord of life. The hope was sustained by an unassuming brother named D. C. Tyler, at a time when the community had no religious privileges. In 1902, in co-operation with a Methodist student preacher, he began a union Sunday School in a schoolhouse two miles south of the present site. By 1905 the school required a hall to serve it, and in August a building lot was purchased, and some faithful brethren, who had been 'gathered', went to the Mountain for lumber. In March, 1905, after an evangelistic meeting conducted by E. Defoe, a church group was organized in the greater brotherhood of the Churches of Christ (Disciples). There were appointments of elder, E. Defoe; Geo. Foulston, clerk; deacons, D. C. Tyler and J. J. Willerton. By the spring of 1906 a house, 24 x 26 feet, [618] began to grow, and was used for public worship in the fall, being dedicated Nov. 27, 1907, by missionary pastor, M. P. Hayden and E. Defoe. Then began a serious attempt to carry out the Great Commission of the Church's founder by those who realized its urgency. In 1910 Alex. Allan was elected clerk and L. Kitson, deacon. In 1914 D. C. Tyler became elder, and A. Allan, H. Kitson and L. Kitson, deacons. The church continued its advocacy of scriptural standards, making some headway in the community. The church is the only rural one the Brotherhood has in Manitoba; and it is somewhat isolated, though it is on the C.N.R. and there is a bus highway (No. 5) Winnipeg to Dauphin, also with another to Brandon. It was greatly helped in meetings conducted by John R. Blunt, (of Home St., Winnipeg) in the winters of 1915-16, when quite a number were brought into the church. This was a neighborly contribution and illustrates the difficulties under which some rural or small churches labor. Pastoral labors were given also in early days by R. L. Ogletree, of Portage, and Wm. Anderson. Much of the time local talent bad to carry on (which develops local talent but seldom attracts the public.) The church possessed the true missionary spirit, finding one outlet in a missionary society, of which Mrs. D. S. Kitson was the faithful head. This is still maintained, when other activities are somewhat suspended. Though the actual society no longer carries on, its studies and missionary offerings are kept up, all being tributary to such organizations as the Manitoba board and the United Society. Some gifts have been made to help remove the debt from St. James, Man. (Herein lies a suggestion of value for "causes" that no longer function, but whose potentialities in prayer, interest and especially in life's concrete end (money), may contribute to the growth of the kingdom. We do not 'pay money' for religious privileges: we contribute our goods so that the Kingdom may be enlarged.) The help of Lorne Conner, of Portage must be recorded. He for some considerable time used to motor the eighty-six separating miles (or travel by train in winter and preach for the congregation). Part of the church's difficulties were that the community lost many of its growing young people in a natural way. But it enjoyed a real season of progress under the leadership of Milton L. Easterling who served for three years, to July, 1921.

      He removed to the States (his home in Mississippi) but came again as pastor in 1927 and remained over two years. Mrs. Easterling was a helper also in his work. By December, 1928, the building was increased in size [619] and its facilities improved. There was a happy re-dedication, with the presence of George H. Stewart, of Winnipeg, who was able to render the congregation counselling aid. The church board at the time consisted of Howard Kitson, chairman; Wilfred Tyler, clerk; members: D. C. Tyler, Alex. Allan, Norman Tyler, Harry Howard, Floyd Tyler, M. L. Easterling, Harry Kitson, Mrs. D. C. Tyler, Mrs. Harry Howard, Mrs. N. Tyler, Mrs. M. L. Easterling. When the Easterlings removed to take up the work at St. James they were missed indeed. After this the church was served by the veteran preacher M. P. Hayden, who had taken such a hand for years in the missionary development of the Canadian west. (He and his brother B. H. Hayden were members of a well-known family of ministers from Ohio. See London, Bowmanville, Ontario.) Later pastors of the church were W. G. Carter, A. A. Stott, and A. F. Canfield, the Stotts serving whilst the Easterlings were in the U.S.A. Church membership is reported about 1928 as thirty-five resident, five non-resident; Bible school, sixty. In the whole story if told the work of the women would bulk largely (where is it otherwise?). By their labors they raised the sum of $150 for the building.

      The church took on the spirit of its founders, who were co-operative. It was helped by other than inside efforts: it assisted the efforts of others. Its pastor M. L. Easterling was president of the Manitoba board during 1929-30, and the church entertained the Manitoba convention in 1930. Mr. Easterling was also representative of Manitoba on the All-Canada Committee, succeeding Allan Armstrong, of Home St. Further indication of the forward-looking spirit of Riding Mountain is that Archie Allan, (son of the church), was led into the ministry through it. (Archie A. Allan graduated from McMaster, University, and the College of the Churches of Christ, Inc., in 1930. Entered at once on a ministry in St. James, Manitoba, and later served pastorates in Williamsville, N.Y., Millersburg, Ky. (during which time he received B.D. degree from Lexington College of the Bible), serving later in St. Thomas, Ont. In 1944 he with his wife, Ruth Sinclair Allan, of Toronto, entered the missionary field for the U.C.M.S. in Jamaica where his career seems only just begun.) Of recent years, John Kitson, of Portage LaPrairie, has maintained the Bible class work in the local S.S.; there is a weekly communion service, for the active remainder of twenty members still believes that "their Lord walketh amongst the candlesticks" (His churches), and that the highest reward must be to the faithful. Riding Mountain should be strengthened by the whole Brotherhood when possible. [620]

      Manigotogan mission was initiated during the expansion period of Disciple history. It arose from an appeal made on behalf of the Indians at the Manitoba Christian Missionary Society in 1911, by Arthur Santmier. The National Christian Women's Board of Missions (Indianapolis, Ind.) became interested and adopted the mission, which was in the northern part of Manitoba. A small house and a church building were erected at Rice River; also a comfortable log church and house at Manigotogan. Arthur Santmier became the first missionary. Substantial contributions were made by friends in eastern Canada as well as in Manitoba. In 1914 the C.W.M. purchased a small steamer (the "Harlan") to be used by the mission, as other transportation was difficult or absent. That year an evangelistic meeting was conducted at Manigotogan by C. G. Kindred and Will F. Shaw, of Chicago. Many Winnipeg friends were present as visitors on the occasion. Interest was growing and in 1917 Mrs. Atwater, president of the C.W.B.M., visited the mission, accompanied by Dr. Mary Cornelius and Mr. Bell of Winnipeg. Upon Mr. Santmier's resignation in October, successors were found for the work in Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Garrod, of First Church, Winnipeg. Their first annual report showed conversions, fourteen; average attendance on Sunday, sixty-two; average attendance at prayer service, twenty-three; money collected on the field, $232.00. In 1918 Mrs. Romig visited the mission and organized a W.M.S. and a mission band. These societies showed great promise and stood on an equal footing with societies in larger cities. The mission band had thirty-nine members and in 1921 gave $33.00--the largest offering taken by any mission band in western Canada. The W.M.S. numbered fifteen members. Their largest offering was in 1921, when almost one hundred was attained. In 1922 the mission was discontinued on account of the removal of so many families from the district; and, owing to the isolation, it was deemed impracticable to continue. This was a source of sorrow to the Women's Mission Board.

      In the year 1906, the women of First Church of Christ (Kate St.) were so experiencing the high tides of missionary endeavor for Christ that they were driven, by an all-energising spirit, to obey the terms of Christ's Great Commission. It is true as well that, all forward-looking Disciples in the Dominion were looking to the West as their next great hope. The spirit we call Progress was moving our whole body, to some degree: what "these [621] women" (Phil 4:3) offered was their testimony to the belief that the Disciples of Christ ought to have a foothold in the West, in their own city. What happened is a proof of the pervasiveness of Christian ideas when they are allowed sway. Moreover, it could be said with truth that the missionary-minded women of Winnipeg at the turn of the century, underlaid much that was done. What was as an outward fact--a molten mass of united aspiration, faith, prayer and hope--brought forth St. James Church of Christ (Disciples), which today is not only their mark of achievement but a bidding promise for the future.

      The section of Winnipeg chosen for this church was then a sparsely settled prairie. It is recorded (by Mrs. Romig, a leader in women's work across Canada) that the women of First Church in the home of Mrs. George Stewart, in the year 1909, knelt in prayer for a consecration for the effort. As they knelt and prayed they also sang songs, such as "I gave my life for thee." Amidst their conscious revival of spirit sufficient pledges were found to begin a fund for a building lot and building. Old records give the names of these enthusiasts for Christ's church as Mrs. Clendenan, Mrs. J. L. Cornelius, Mrs. D. M. Webb, Miss Weardon, Mrs. George H. Stewart, Mrs. G. McKeag, Mrs. Ellis, Grandma Cook, Mrs. Flora McMillan, Mrs. Thompson, Mrs. Vivian. In the year 1907, these forces were strengthened by the coming of Dr. Mary Cornelius, Florence Lediard, Mrs. C. Shaw.

      "These women" had arranged through their new organization (as an auxiliary of the Christian Women's Board of Missions, Indianapolis) that local funds raised could be used for missionary expansion at home. That was a generous gesture from our American friends. Funds kept growing and the first $200 was invested in a lot on Rutland St.; but in six months' time the lot was sold for $400, and with the sum of $445 on hand they purchased a lot on Marjorie St., where St. James church was later built.

      Now comes the "Go forth" part of this history. A growing community is likely to have children and people with no settled grouping for worship. It is ideal for conquest. So the "workers" went from door to door, talking about their enterprise, making friends and winning children and hearers to their worship and teaching service, also communion service as well. These workers were: Mrs. C. Clendenan, Jennie McKeag, Christina Cornelius, Nina Betts, Mrs. Josie Wray. In the effort Dr. and Mrs. Ireland gave great assistance. John L. Rose served as S.S. superintendent, assisted by Mrs. Rose. A. N. Simpson, pastor at First church was also helpful. As the work grew other names must be recorded. Mr. and Mrs. S. [622] Morgan came in about 1914, then Mr. and Mrs. Dawes, Mr. and Mrs. Heatherington, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis, Mr. and Mrs. Nichols, Mr. Croft, Mr. and Mrs. McLeod--the Collinsons, Stewarts, Trainers, Mrs. May and children. The memories of that effort of a cause founded upon a Sunday school are very dear to Mrs. Romig, who wrote more about it than can be quoted. She mentions as a special thrill, that Mrs. S. Chapman used to walk a mile to the school when the thermometer was flirting with the temperature at thirty-five degrees below.

      In 1910, the time had come to lay a cornerstone, with appropriate ceremonies, by A. N. Simpson, pastor at First church. A New Testament, with other literature was deposited in the stone; also names of those who had struggled valiantly and given aid to the building fund. On a very rainy Labor Day in September, 1910, many workers of both sexes gave a day to finishing the new building; many of them names that were later to be distinguished by other service. A tent was pitched, the women provided hot meals, prayers were offered, and "Praise God" concluded the well-spent day. By January, 1911, the church was cleared of debt, and it was dedicated to God.

      In 1911, Arthur Santmier served briefly as pastor (see Manigotogan mission) and First church members were rendering all in their power to advance the effort. D. R. Hill in March, 1912, offered his services gratuitously as pastor. He was gratefully welcomed. In January, 1913, the church duly organized, and organ and hymn books were bought. Certain ones brought their letters from First Church (Kate St.). The charter members were as follows: D. R. Hill, Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Rose, Thorne Rose, Nina Betts, Mrs. C. Clendenan, A. Cookson, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Linwood, Mrs. Delbert Wray, Mrs. Vivian. Other early members were Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Waldon, Mrs. A. Cookson, Levi Vital, Mrs. S. Webb, Mrs. Collins.

      The first officers were: John Rose, elder; deacons, Levi Vital, Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Waldon.

      Part of this history is the organization of a Women's Christian Missionary Society on February 27, 1913, by Mrs. Romig, who came from Portage LaPrairie to do it. A Missions Band bad origin in 1918, with membership of seventy-eight and offerings of $33.80. A Triangle Club for girls also followed. The W.M.S. is said to have a record any church might be proud of. All these efforts, tied in with the ever-valuable religious instruction in the S.S. helped to "make" St. James in its growing years. Unfortunately, all that a church gains cannot be always retained. Population [623] movement has caused much disappointment and heart-break in all too many Canadian Churches of Christ. In 1916, Mrs. Romig became a personal worker for St. James church. It is a fact worthy of record that amongst all Churches across Canada, the writer knows of none that approaches the effectiveness of the First Church, Winnipeg, in and through its W.M.S. as an organizing agency. To them must be credited not only St. James, but also Norwood church.

      Going back a little it is of notice that, in 1913, John L. Blunt, of Home St., gave considerable assistance to St. James, as other such pastors had done. His work Was also noticeable in the record at Norwood.

      By 1916, the church had expanded so that enlargement of quarters was needed. By means of a building "bee" on May 24, over 30 men co-operated in giving labor, in which all present (women too) were expected to drive at least one nail. It is recorded that a happy prayer meeting followed the day. After this development the church was helped by R. M. Bell, who came as pastor, after graduation from Johnson Bible College. Teacher training classes were formed; the junior led by Mrs. Romig, the seniors by Mr. Bell. Similar classes were held in First church, and there came a memorable night under the Manitoba S.S. association when fifty-two certificates were distributed to the members of the two churches for proficiency in Bible study.

      Another evidence of the co-operation between mother and daughter church is evident when we record that First Church members, in the persons of Mrs. George H. McKeag, May Cummings, Sylvia Simpson, Ethel Drinkwater and Jessie McKeag gave able assistance in the S.S. Later on, it is noticeable that in the primary department, the service of May Cummings came in for recognition in an unstinted way. When she left Winnipeg her place was taken by one trained by her--Ellen Chapman, who later on became Mrs. Chesleigh McLeod. Other helpers in this foundation department of S.S. work were Flora Dennis, Muriel Chapman, Jean Ferguson and Mildred Morgan. Nina Betts gave a similar sure service in leadership of the junior department. Bible school attendance was at its peak of two hundred and twenty-nine in 1918. In 1917, a Better Mothers' Club was organized to give a needed social aid to the community. It is by such means that churches grow in power. All the agencies mentioned so briefly have helped to make the life of the membership more complete in the Master's service. [624]

      The pastors of the church had a great part in its development. Their names here follow: Arthur Santmier, 1911; D. R. Hill, 1912; R. M. Bell, 1916; I. E. Linkletter, June 1919 to August 1925; H. Francis Reed, Sept. 1925 to Sept. 1928; Kenneth Wills, Sept. 1928 to May, 1930; Archie A. Allan, June, 1930 to August 1934; G. Hayden Stewart, Sept. 1934 to Aug. 1935; Halsey E. Wakelin, Sept. 1935 to March, 1937; M. E. Easterling, April 1937 to August, 1938.

      The writer is advised that the peak of attainment was reached in Mr. Linkletter's time; all organizations of the church were actively sustained then; there was a class of fifteen boys with regular attendance at church, S.S., midweek activities, Bible class and boys and girls work. He was also active in co-operation with other churches and in community projects.

      A well-beloved elder of the church was Cornelius Croft; another J. R. Nichols. Deacons who have served this office are Albert Stewart, S. Morgan, B. Dawes, Samuel C. Chapman, and both the latter and Albert Stewart have three years' service as treasurer. A. Cookson and W. McLeod have been secretaries. Sunday School superintendents have been J. R. Nichols and Chesleigh McLeod, and the latter became boys' leader. The leaders of the girls were Mrs. J. R. Nichols and Alice Collyer. They also were S.S. teachers, Mrs. A. Croft was pianist and organist until leaving the city in 1939; others gave the same service, either before or after, were Mrs. Delbert Wray. Lulu Bagnal and Edna May were leaders in girls' activities and in co-operation with the Girls' Work board, after the fashion set by Mrs. Wray during the years 1914-6; and all of this up to the time of the coming of Mr. Linkletter in 1919.

      In 1929 the church building was remodelled and greatly improved. St. James celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1935 by special commemorative services, during which a pulpit (built by elder C. H. Croft)--who was deceased August 24, 1935--was dedicated. The officers mentioned on the occasion were J. R. Nicholls, elder; deacons, S. Morgan (and elder pro tem), G. Hetherington, J. Stevens, Clyde Croft, Ken Nicholls. The deaconesses were Mrs. S. Chapman and Alice Collyer--the latter was also church treasurer. Clyde Croft was organist and also served as building manager. He is credited with more service to the congregation than can be readily detailed. Alice Collyer and Alberta Croft were S.S. Superintendents, and J. R. Nicholls, treasurer.

      A loss to the church was the Croft family on removal to Edmonton, Elder Croft has been mentioned as a leader, Mrs. Croft was a beloved [625] S.S. teacher to boys and girls. And Clyde Croft excelled in beautifying the church and its arrangements. It is not the case that every church has the strength of whole families, instead of individuals. Another family, of long service still amongst other names of many who have passed on after their good works, is the Chapman family, with five in the church, serving in most of the offices. The parents have a record of thirty-two years activity, which indicates a strong attachment and service. Mrs. Chapman was active in the W.M.S. and served as secretary and president. In the wealth of material of this sort afforded the writer it is difficult for him to be clearly inclusive, but he means to be. As an addenda, he would record that Mrs. Arthur Cookson has been treasurer of the W.M.S. since organization in 1913.

      There are also other personal services to be rendered, though some must be omitted to save space. They are found in the somewhat frequent evidences of fellowship that seem peculiar to the Winnipeg churches in their relationships. Here is a recital of a fine experience. Ruth McDonald and Joan Dewey, assisted by Joan's sister, Nina Dewey, at a time when it was needed, organized a girls' camp, for Norwood church which was directed by trained leaders. Mrs. Chapman was camp mother and her daughter was a valued helper. So much can be done, if there's a will to do it.

      It is also a significant fact that behind this service lies appreciation of the wonderful leadership which Mrs. Romig gave during her association with the church. For many persons her life has been an inspiration, with memories and loyalties which time cannot efface.

      Still another concrete fact in St. James' life has been furnished through the contribution of Mr. George H. Stewart as a teacher of a Bible class for young people. It was a long and valuable association, I am informed. The War took from the church most of the boys and girls. Other churches suffered also; but a desire arose in the community to use the church's gym for badminton. This was granted and youth of both sexes had this outlet. Their presence was seen by Mr. Stewart as another opportunity and soon an afternoon class for study of the New Testament was started and some were won to the fellowship of Christ and His church. They may be said to have been won to the church for the sake of sport and remained to worship. Any example here?

      Norwood also made another contribution through its organist and choir-leader, F. A. Anderson, who during several years came a distance to assist St. James by his talents. That such sharing arouses gratitude states only part of the gain. [626]

      St. James, for all this activity and progress, has had added to its record a period of stress and trial. Depression years took even whole families from the city and our fellowship; owing to discouragements, some members sought the comfort of other churches more ably sustained--perhaps a natural result of the strain. Still, some of the children were left--to be educated and cared for. A preaching service was maintained in the evening. The speakers were maintained by the direction of Mr. Stewart (who sometimes spoke himself); those most in his service were H. Fowler and J. N. Clark. At a date not defined a United Church student minister named Peter G. White gave a year's preaching, and for two years, up to March, 1945, Don Pratt preached very acceptably in evening services, followed by a study group.

      Every church seems to arise because of the spiritual urge of some individual, often more than one. In the case of Norwood Church of Christ a woman--Mrs. Waghorn, who was the daughter of Thos. H. Bates, often mentioned in these memoirs and himself (an Englishman) sharing in several pastorates. Mrs. Waghorn lived too far from Home St. to attend. By the aid of two missionaries--Dr. and Mrs. Ireland--and John Rose of St. James--she formed a Sunday school, beginning at first in her home and later the group moved to a hall on Berry street. Shortly after, all these workers left the city and F. M. Smith, of Home St., took over the S.S., about the year 1914. In that year the following from Home St. were workers: F. M. Smith, J. R. Blunt, Mrs. W. Monk, W. G. Garrod, W. Wilton (also two others identified with the cause almost ever since). They were the sisters, Claire B. Linkletter and Katherine B. Stewart. Further changes occurred owing to the removal from the city of F. M. Smith; and G. W. Garrod became superintendent until May, 1916. At that date he and Mrs. Garrod were appointed missionaries to the Indians at Manigotogan (which see). Miss K. B. Stewart then became superintendent. "Tried and true" members, other than these mentioned, should be named: Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Webb, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Houston, Maynard and Elsie, in 1915; Mrs. T. Haddick, in 1916; and Mrs. G. Gray and Kay, in 1917. Attendance at this time averaged fifty-five and it was felt the group should be looking to the future. The Manitoba Christian Missionary Society seriously considered the building of a church in Norwood, but it was the Women's Missionary Society, of Home St. church, which really made the venture. In 1915, they purchased a corner lot, at Highfield and Crawford Sts. Then [627] the Manitoba C.M. Society adopted the project and a loan was negotiated with the United Church Missionary Society (or its predecessor) for $4,000. The building was commenced in the summer of 1917. Many members of Home St. showed the deepest interest in the work. The women met and made curtains for windows, class rooms, choir rail and baptistry. Home St. gave the seats and pulpit, and two small organs from the old Kate St. church; and on New Year's day, 1918, a group of workers were putting the finishing touches--laying carpets, hanging pictures and making ready for opening day. Mr. George H. Stewart looked after the financial arrangements and Alex. Davidson assisted him in the building operations. On January 6, 1918, "the little brown church" was dedicated to the worship and service of God.

      The families then were: the Webbs, Houstons, and Andersons, Miss Linkletter and Miss K. Stewart; Mr. Anderson was organist and treasurer for some years. During the first winter some aid to the little band was given--such as Home St., W.M.S. providing fuel. R. M. Bell, minister of St. James church preached in the mornings. In 1919, the workers were joined by a new helper--J. N. Clark, a High School teacher, a Disciple who had arrived from Nottingham, Eng. (Nottingham, by the way, was the source from which Edmund Sheppard, pioneer preacher, came to Ontario.) Bro. Clark was an aid in the morning service and gave a long service. In September, 1920, the first full-time minister was chosen--Charles M. Ross. It was only then that a complete organization was effected--on the second Sunday in January, 1921. (At that time I. E. Linkletter was serving as minister of St. James.) Officers chosen were: elders, Chas. M. Ross: deacons and deaconesses--F. A. Anderson, H. Huston, Claire B. Linkletter, Katherine B. Stewart, J. E. Webb.

      Thus the church was begun with a community already churched, but with few Disciple homes as a base. Evangelism was begun, in a spirited meeting by Lowell C. McPherson, but without new members being gained. It ran five weeks in bitter weather. The church had competent leaders and emphasis was placed on Bible School work, the enrollment at this time being about eighty. Because the school had to be held at other than the usual afternoon hours, the method had smaller results. A strong missionary spirit was fostered by Mrs. G. H. Stewart and Mrs. M. V. Romig, and a mission band for the younger people met for some years. Mrs. Stewart's work in organizing the women into a society stimulated functional growth and stability. The influence of this group has provided [628] a second justification of the Norwood enterprise, the first being the communion table, and the second, the carrying out of the command the Head of the Table gave--"Go ye." The church also organized its young people. There was a Canadian Girls in Training group, and a young women's mission study group, and Missions were stressed as an object to give to and work for. Out of this has arisen a heart-warming loyalty to the cause of "others" and the results attained by systematic giving--an end justified by direct teaching of St. Paul's, sometimes overlooked. A number of young people also have received invaluable Christian training, enabling them to 'teach others also' in Christian precept and example. A group of young men and women are qualified to act publicly. What better service could be done for a small church, begun and carried on mainly by women? "Help these women" by St. Paul comes to mind. Nevertheless, the church needs more men, perhaps more than the average; but what church does not? As this writer sees Canada, the province of Manitoba (beyond other provinces) has had more progressive and active women in the ongoing of the whole cause. The church has an Honor Roll of twelve engaged (1944) in the service of their country; and Glen Halsted's name indicates that a young life made the utmost sacrifice for human freedom.

      Those who have served as ministers are: Robert Bell, 1918-9; morning services; Chas. H. Ross, 1920-1, 11 months; J. N. Clark, 1921-2; V. J. Murray, 1924-6; H. L. Richardson, 1926-9; A. D. Gordon, 1929-33; Archie A. Allan, 1933-4; G. Hayden Stewart, 1934-6 (jointly with St. James); Halsey Wakelin, 1937-8; Robert Shaw, 1938-40 and the present minister, J. H. Clark, from 1940 onward. Many of these servants are noted elsewhere and their services known to all. In 1941 the appearance of the church building was greatly improved by re-decoration, changing from brown to white. [629]

[DCC 606-629]