I, Joseph Thomas was born in North Carolina, Orange County, March 7th, 1791. My parents were natives of Pennsylvania, who, in an early period of their lives, soon after being wedded together, emigrated to the place where I was born. Being among the first settlers who penetrated the uncultivated wilds of that part of the country, soon found that frugality and industry were indispensable to their subsistence, consequently became innured [sic] to the common hardships of a labouring life, by which they shortly obtained a comfortable competency. Not many years rolled away, till they found themselves possessed of a considerable share of honest wealth, surrounded with several children--sons [7] and daughters. The Revolutionary war came on which soon spread devastation and death over that section of country. The British, commanded by Lord Cornwallis, plundered and devoured the last remains of my father's property, excepting his land.

      After this war, my parents, by their industry, repaired their wasted fortune and obtained the second time a sufficient living. But alas! the day of prosperity soon passed away and was succeeded by the storms of adversity, affliction and distress. The property they had accumulated, by a change of times, which a course of intemperance, on my father's part, was spent, scattered and entirely wasted! By this time, they had nine children, seven sons and two daughters, the most of whom were grown men and women, but myself, being the youngest child.

      The first seven years of my life, I had the guardian care of a dear father and the affectionate attention of a fond mother, in which home I was taught to read, write and cypher. In the year 1798, hard necessity compelled that I should be separated from my parents, and from my once peaceful home! My abode was now appointed me in a strange, inhospitable and cruel family! It was stipulated, that, while there, I should go to school; but my ungenerous host evaded this, and engrossed my time entirely to his own purposes. At this unfriendly place, I dwelt almost two years, and every leisure hour, I employed myself in reading the books my father had given me, among which my favorites were the Economy of Human Life and the New Testament.

      At this place I was cruelly treated, suffering the extremes of hunger and cold, &c., &c. Here I often bewailed my parents' misfortunes, and the loss of my former home, and learned by hard necessity, the distressing condition of many helpless children, who are constrained from their parents, to dwell among unfeeling strangers. During this period I thought about dying, and much about eternity, which, with my natural disposition; caused me to be more solemn and melancholy, than boys at that age commonly are.

      When I was about nine years old one of my brothers (who was a married man) living in Grayson county, Virginia, came and took me away from this cruel and inhospitable place, and I cheerfully went home with him, about 150 miles from the place of my nativity. Being now, more than before, among strangers, I continued to feel melancholy, and as an orphan cast upon the mercy of a friendless world. I had no one to look to for [8] There I soon found myself as an orphan, or like one without father or mother, though in name had both, yet in reality had not the protection nor advice of the one, nor the affectionate caresses of the other, for mountains and rivers intervened between us. Here I had no one to look to for the support of my body, the improvement of my [4] protection, advice, or for sustenance but my brother. He was kind to me and soon engaged me to a school, near his abode, to which I went some months and made a pleasing proficiency in reading, writing, and arithmetic.

      In December 1801, when I was nearly ten years old, I was taken with the White Swelling in my left knee, and was soon unable to walk, or to stand upon my feet during the space of eighteen months. In this time I felt the most excruciating pain that humanity is capable of supporting. It was long anticipated from day to day, by myself and those who saw me, that my agonies and affliction, would soon terminate in death. Once, while lying helpless on my bed, my brother being absent, my sister-in-law found occasion to leave home. Previous to her going, she carried in some dry fuel and laid it in the chimney place, between the fire and chimney side. In a short time after her departure, the fuel caught fire and conveyed it to the wood of which the chimney which was composed, and were soon kindled into a furious blaze, roaring up the chimney and gathering into the logs on that end of the house. Lying with my face towards the fire, I apprehended the danger, but was utterly unable to move out of the place. My thoughts and feelings on this occasion were inexpressible, [10] for death, to all appearance, was inevitable. I tried, but tried in vain to escape from my bed, and found no alternative but to resign myself to the mercy of God, and to the devouring element. The fire increased until one side of the chimney was burnt through and the end logs of the house considerably kindled. But what was astonishing and pleasing to me by the time I thought the blaze would be kindling in the roof, it descended the chimney and presently subsided. And yet the more was I convinced of the interposition of divine goodness, when in a few hours the fire became entirely extinguished! This I thought was the "Lord's doings and marvelous in my eyes." From this singular deliverance, (as I esteemed it) I received an impression, that God would preserve me, and not let me die with my present complaint.

      While in this affliction, the misdemeanors and sins of my former days came into review, and I felt the compunctions of a guilty conscience. I sincerely regretted my sins and promised a better course of life, if I should be spared. I found comfort in the gospel promises and believed I was prepared to die.

      In the month of March 1802, after being confined near eighteen months to my bed, in which time one of bones of my left was taken out, [11] with the loss of many small pieces. I was again able to stand on my feet, and to walk by the aid of crutches. Not long after this till I could walk without their assistance! I now viewed myself as a miracle of God's almighty goodness--as a stranger upon the stage of action, and as one who had just come from the regions of the grave and shadow of death!!

      Not long after being restored to my feet, till lost sight of the goodness of God, forgot the solemn promises I had made to him, and again began to wander in the forbidden paths of youthful folly and sin. In a few weeks I was taken with a complaint similar to that which I was so severely afflicted with in my leg, in my opposite thigh bone, and was soon unable to walk. In this attack, I was again severely afflicted, and for some months confined to my bed, and it was now thought I never would walk any more. I again renewed my promises and besought the Lord to have mercy on me. In a few months, beyond the most sanguine expectations, I was enabled, the second time, to rise and walk, and was looked upon as a wonder, while I was seen running and playing with my former associates!

      Early in the year 1803, I was removed to Montgomery (now Giles) county, Virginia, to [12] take my residence with a brother, who at that time kept Batchelor's [sic] Hall. He was then a frolicksome young man, and the people, old and young about the place, generally were uncivil and wicked. I was, of course, insensibly drawn from the paths of morality and religion, and too often constrained to imitate some of the practices predominant around me.

      In the latter end of the same year, I was removed to neighbor Andrew Johnston's, on New River, in the same county, as a boarder to go to school. In this man I found a friend, and the first moral preceptor I had met with. I have since always remembered him with gratitude and affection, for the moral and wholesome instructions which he gave me, during my stay with him. My teacher also became partial and particularly attentive to me. I took the best advantage, and made the wisest improvement from the instructions of these men, that I could. Here I dwelt about one year, in which time I found myself far advanced in arithmetic, considerably so in mathematics, geography, &c. When my time expired here, Mr. Johnston would receive nothing of my boarding, nor the teacher for my tuition. During this term, I had many serious reflections and often refused to play at school, from the solemn [13] impressions, sometimes made on my mind. I had a New Testament which I carried with me, which, in all my leisure hours, I read with great pleasure, and became particularly fond of those places that spake of the blessed Jesus, the Saviour of the world, and of the miracles and wonderful works which he wrought among men. My mind was often seriously exercised, and I frequently dreamed of attending the sermons and travels of the Saviour, where thousands were congregated. I often imagined, in my sleeping hours, that I was preaching the gospel to hundreds and thousands, in different parts of the world!!

      In November 1804, I left my benefactor, my teacher and my youthful acquaintances, and went to Grayson County again, and in the neighborhood where I had been so much afflicted. I hired myself to my brother's father-in-law, the term of one year, for ninety dollars. One third of this time I taught school, and the balance I worked up the farm. Religion was scarcely named by any person about here in those days. Vice and irreligion prevailed. I heard one sermon in this time, which was the first religious meeting I had been at since I left Carolina. The discourse awakened and encouraged me to pray. Lorenzo Dow came through the country about this time, and caused [14] the people to talk something about religion. I read his chain, which had a serious and lasting impression on my mind. I felt condemned before God. Guilt hung heavy on my soul, and I again more frequently resorted to prayer. But I felt no relief from the convictions and anguish of a broken spirit.

      In October 1805, my engagement being fulfilled with the man I lived with, I received my wages, and went on to Carolina, to see my mother and other relations I had living there. My aged mother rejoiced to see me, after the absence of five years, and that God had preserved me through all the afflictions and necessities that had befallen me. There was a a great revival of religion about here at that times. Preaching and prayer meetings were frequent. I attended some of them, and felt pleased to hear the name of God praised, though I could not experimentally join the glad song. After a few weeks I left my mother and other weeping friends, and returned to Grayson county in Virginia again. On my way, my heart was almost drowned with sorrow. I felt that I had no home, and that I was destitute of the salvation of my soul, which I desired above anything on earth.

      In Grayson I hired with my brother, whom [15] I had formerly lived, the term, of three months. Here my distress of mind increased, and I was soon convinced that my soul was in too much danger of being lost, if I continued long in so wicked a place. I resolved that when my time was out, I would leave this part of the country.

      In March 1806, I went to Carolina again, the place of my nativity, and commenced living with my brother James and my mother, who lived together. I now went frequently to meeting, and read much in the Scriptures. My former convictions became more pungent and my sins rose more conspicuous to my view. This was in the time of the celebrated revival, when it was no strange thing to hear many, old and young, profess religion, and to see them engage in the unaccountable exercises of shouting, dancing, hallowing, jumping, laughing, &c. &c.

      There was a great Union meeting, (by some called Camp meeting) appointed to be holden near where I lived, in October 1806. I looked forward to this meeting with pleasing expectations, and strongly hoped that at it I might find the pearl of great price, the salvation of my soul. At this meeting, preachers and people of different denominations met. On the first day of meeting, I went early to the place, where by seeing the [16] numerous tents and wagons already arranged on the ground, and the crowds of people pressing from every direction, my mind was solemnized and penetential [sic] tears stole from my eyes.

      The first sermon was delivered by a traveling man, then immediately from Georgia, who professed to belong to no party, but to the Church of Christ in general. His text and sermon were concerning Naaman, the leper, who was commanded to dip himself seven times in the river Jordan.

      In his description of Naaman, I thought some person had told him my feelings and my character. I thought the most he said was aimed at, and intended for me. Near the conclusion of his sermon, many had fallen to the earth around me, crying for mercy, and I fell among them. I sent for the preacher to come and pray for me. Many prayers were offered for me, but alas, my heart was too unbelieving to receive the blessing I had so long sought, and without which, I was now sensible I would be miserable and utterly lost.

      The exercises of my mind during this meeting, were various and sometimes inexpressible. At times I felt some consolation, and almost concluded that I was redeemed front my sins, by the blood of Christ. At other times, my heart would [17] so fill with unbelief, that I would almost conclude there was no mercy nor salvation fur such a wretch as I.

      As the following occurrence, which took place during this meeting, was so very singular, and made an impression which is not yet eradicated from my mind, I will here relate it. Being tired and sleepy, one night I lay down in a tent, and while I slept, I imagined I saw a very aged and grave man stand at the door of the tent, and heard him call to me; I answered (methought) and asked him who be was? He said, "I am Isaiah, the Prophet." Upon which he said to me, "rise up and I will give you something which came from heaven." I obeyed. He then showed me a piece of wood, near the size and shape of a small man, and it seemed deeply stained all over with blood, and said, you have a long journey to travel which you must shortly commence, and you must carry this all the way with you. He then held a small loaf of bread in his hand, and said, "you must take this loaf, and when you get weary and faint, eat of it. This loaf will last you about forty-eight years and six months, about which time, for the sake of what you carry, strangers shall kill you." He then handed them to me, and told me to receive them as the gifts of God. [18] I took the wood and stood it by me, and received the bread in my hand. I ate a small portion of it, and immediately I felt it strengthen, cheer and animate me in every part, and I became so happy I could not forbear leaping, praising and thanking God. My agitation awoke me. I felt happy, and thought for a moment, that God had sent a heavenly visitant to feed me upon the bread of life, and had converted my soul while I slept. But my comfort shortly fled, unbelief again beclouded my mind, and I went to the stand where the preachers were, and requested them to pray for me. But I could not feel my soul fully relieved from doubts and sorrow.

      On the eighth day from the commencement of this meeting, it drew to a close. During this time, the love of God was manifested in the union of his children of different professions, in the conviction of many others who left the ground seeking the Lord. I left the ground solemn and mournful, not fully believing I had yet obtained the forgiveness of my sins. After this meeting, I continued to seek the Saviour, by constantly attending meetings, by private prayer, and by an attentive reading of the Scriptures. I was for some time tossed to and fro in my mind, sometimes almost sunk in despair, burdened with grief and sorrow [19] and at other times felt glad that the Lord had showed me so much mercy. For some months the exercises of my mind, were so conflicting and distressing, that my flesh reduced almost to a skeleton; and I could enjoy but little comfort in anything on earth.

      On the 7th of May, 1807, early in the morning, having spent the night previous, in groans and tears, I arose and sought a private place in a distant wood, where I often had resorted, determining if there was yet mercy with God for me, I would wrestle with him in prayer, till I would find deliverance from the intolerable burden that pressed my sorrowful soul. I found the place I sought, and sometime after sunrise, I found the Lord Jesus. The love of God was shed abroad in my heart--I found the blessing I had so long sought, and for which I had shed so many tears, and uttered so many groans. O! the glory, the transporting joys that filled my soul! Had I the wings of an eagle, and the voice of a trumpet, I, would have declared to the whole world, the wonders God had wrought on my soul. The joys of that day were unutterable and never to be forgotten.

      Immediately when I experienced this change, a manifestation of equal plainness was made to my [20] mind, that I should follow Jesus in the ordinance of baptism, by immersion, as a public testimony of my faith in him, and of my hope in the resurrection of the body to eternal life. It was also made plain to me at the same time, that I should have to preach the gospel, and not only to those who are nigh, but also to those afar off. Some days I enjoyed uninterrupted peace and great tranquillity of soul.

      Not long till my mind became exercised on the subject of connecting myself to some religious denomination. To be suited in this matter, I was involved in deep concern and deliberation, as I found it difficult to determine for the best. It was now evidently my duty, when I presented myself as a petitioner to a church for membership, I should also offer myself a candidate for the ministry of the gospel. I had been made acquainted with the principal doctrines, and with the church government of the Presbyterians, the Methodists, the Calvinists and Freewill Baptists. The Presbyterian or the Baptist church would have suited me in point of their government; but their doctrine, to my mind, so evidently apposed the doctrines of the Scriptures, and the whole course of my experience, that I thought it unnecessary to offer myself to either. The most of the important [21] points of the Methodist doctrine, seemed to accord with my faith; but their government appeared to me, to be so evidently contrary to that of the primitive church of Christ, and such as I thought would abridge that liberty which the Lord had just given me, I could not, in conscience, offer myself to them. I conversed with a Freewill Baptist preacher, concerning his doctrine, government, &c. I shortly found some things in the way, and such that prevented my joining in membership with him. I then requested him to baptize me by immersion, but he would not, unless I would join his faith and order. This was a source of grief to my soul, as I already began to discover this difficulty, that I would either have to sacrifice my conscience and my faith, or, as I thought, stand alone and be opposed by the surrounding sects.

      About this time I heard of a people who called themselves Christians, and who professed to take the Scriptures for their rule of faith and practice. I was informed where one of their preachers lived. I went to see him, to got information on this subject, which at this time gave me great concern.

      He informed me that they, as a people, regarded the Scriptures as the only rule of faith and [22] practice; that they held open and free communion with all christians; that they owned no name but CHRISTIAN--that there were no Popes, Bishops, nor Presiding Elders among them; and that they were all alike amenable to each other, and had an equal voice in all matters that concerned the church. I rejoiced to hear of such a people, for this seemed to be the plan must favorable to christian liberty, and the most similar to that church established under the Apostles. I their told him of the exercises of my mind concerning the ministry. He encouraged me, and informed me where I might see a number of those preachers at a meeting, to be holden at Raleigh, N. Carolina, about fifty miles distant, to whom he thought I had better present myself as a candidate for the ministry. Shortly after this, I presented myself to the church, of which this man (B. Rainey) was pastor, for membership amongst them. They received me as a member, dad gave me license as an exhorter. I now began to close up my little worldly concerns, and prepare for an itinerant life in the gospel. I exercised in exhortation frequently through the neighborhood, but my efforts were weak and much ridiculed by many who heard me. Many excuses and difficulties I brought forward to exonerate myself from [23] the arduous and important task that imposed on me. But nothing less than a compliance, promised any relief to my troubled mind. My mother, relations, and the most of those who conversed on the subject, rigidly opposed the undertaking. And had I not been strongly convinced, that the spirit of the Lord inspired and moved me to the work, I would not have assumed a calling for which I thought myself so little qualified. I counted the cost--I determined to obey God, rather than be intimidated by man, or overcome by inferior obstacles.

      I now surrendered all pretensions to the advantages of this world, and to the gratification of carnal appetites. I bade farwell [sic] to ease, to the hopes of honor, to the popularity, and to the friendship of a gain-saying generation, and freely sacrificed them all upon the cross of Christ, resolving to follow the footsteps of Jesus, whom I now took to be my only friend. I considered myself starting on a mission, the most important ever engaged in by man, and on a pursuit which was to occupy my constant and assiduous attention, during the remainder of my days.

      The 19th day of October 1807, when I was sixteen years and about nine months old, I bade farewell to my mother, my relations, and to a [24] sneering world, and started for the meeting in Raleigh, and thence to people and lands unknown. In going six miles I was upon strange ground! I traveled fourteen miles, and tarried all night with an old christian preacher, Elder Debruler, who I soon learned was going to the same meeting. Next morning we went on about thirty miles into the neghborhood [sic] of Raleigh, and held meeting. Here I was called upon to speak. The cross was great--I spake but little and closed with mortified and discouraged feelings. I soon retired and spent the most of the afternoon in prayer, meditation, and reading.

      Friday 22d, we went on to Raleigh, where I was introduced to a family with whom I was received during the meeting. At 12 o'clock preaching commenced. Here were James O'Kelly, and William Guiry, the most eminent and popular of that church in the Southern regions. During this meeting, I opened my mind to J. O'Kelly on the subject of baptism, and desired him to immerse me. But in explaining the nature and use of baptism to me, he made it mean pouring. I believed from his age, experience and abilities of mind, he must be right, and on the Sabbath day of the meeting, I was baptized (as we then called it) in that way, I was received by the preachers, [25] as one licensed to make trial of my ministerial abilities. Here were four candidates, young men, besides myself, presented themselves at this meeting for the ministry. All were received, and each was appointed to travel and labor with an Elder, till the next union meeting, which was to convene in six months.

      I was appointed to travel with J. Warren, on James' river and some of the lower counties of Virginia. Before I left Raleigh I was ridiculed and insulted by a Methodist preacher, whom I took to be a Deist, until I was informed otherwise. By this I found, that not only the non-professor but sectarians, whose policy and craft I did not promote, would oppose and endeavor to hinder my progress in the cause I had espoused.

      From this meeting I started in company with my intended preceptor and benefactor, and two other preachers; and we traveled together four days. We held several meetings, and I being called on to officiate, either if I refused or complied, I felt confounded and ashamed, and was soon convinced that the preachers were of opinion my inability would disparage and injure the cause I wished to support. I now was upwards of two hundred miles from home, a stranger in a strange part of the world, having no friend to assist, [26] encourage or strengthen me in the glorious cause I had espoused.

      Friday, 29th October, I and the man I was to travel with, parted from the other preachers, and fell upon a long chain of appointments which had been previously given out for him. I soon found my companion was an irritable, illiterate man; and so little acquainted with human nature, that he knew not how to make proper allowance for inexperience and youth. Believing I could not perform as an acceptable preacher, he became tired of me, and frequently advised me to give up the task and go home. He often tried to offend and mortify me in private, and in company. One day while speaking, I observed I considered myself as a lamb sent out among wolves, &c. At this a man in the congregation took offence--rose up and commanded me to hush, and with an angry countenance, coming forward, seemed determined, as he said, if I did not hush to pull me down. Some of the people interfered, and the congregation were generally disturbed. The preacher told me, he thought this was an evidence that I was doing harm and ought to quit. But I told him I took this as a trial for my faith, and not as an evidence that I was not called to the ministry.

      We traveled on through Mecklinburgh, [27] Lunenburgh, Prince George, Prince Edward, Queen Ann, Henrico, Chesterfield and Amelia counties in Virginia, in which time the trials, temptations and difficulties of my mind, were inexpressible. By this time, I plainly discovered the preacher felt little concern for my interest, or solicitude for my success. Hearing of another christian preacher by the name of Thomas Reeves, and he being recommended as a more suitable man for me to travel with, I resolved, though he was upwards of an hundred miles from me, I would go and see him.

      In December I bid adieu to the old preacher, who had been a source of grief to me, and started on by myself through a strange part of country, and in six days I found T. Reeves in Surry county, Va. I introduced myself to him, as one of the weakest laborers in the vineyard of our Lord.

      I soon found him of open, free and liberal mind--kind and affectionate in his disposition. He received me to travel with him, and promised to lend me all the aid and support he could afford.

      We went on, and for many days held meetings once, sometimes twice every day. My timidity, which had been a great obstacle in the way of my speaking, now began to wear off, and I felt a little more liberty, but was yet so weak and unpopular, [28] that the most of the brethren advised brother Reeves to dismiss and send me home. But he thought I ought to make a longer trial, and frequently exhorted me to application, diligence and perseverance, and if I would be faithful, he had no doubt but that God would make me an instrument of much good.

      About Christmas, we were some miles below Norfolk, and went to brother Rice Haggard's, a christian preacher. I found him to be of strong intellect, and of profound piety. He exhorted me to be faithful, and the Lord would make me useful. I loved him and received with joy his counsels.

      We turned our course and went up the country again--passing through Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, the Isle of Wight county, Surry and Southampton. Here we came to old brother B. Barrett's, (a christian preacher.) Here the work of the Lord revived. Brother Barrett gave me good counsel, and by his affectionate conversation, I was much consoled, strengthened and encouraged.

      Our travels were bounded in form of a circuit, which we performed in four or five weeks. Every round turned up new trials, temptations and scenes. The many lonesome and disconsolate feelings, that revolved in my mind, could be but [29] faintly painted by the most vivid imagination.

      About the fourth time, in going round our appointments, it was frequently observed to my companion, what proficiency, what unparalleled improvement I had made! I now began to find the attention and kindness of the people, drawn towards me, which taught me something more of human nature. I now learned, when a person could not help himself, and was in essential need of a friend, he seldom found one, and when he could do without friends, he generally could find them plenty under that name.

      In April, 1808, brother Reeves left me, and started for Tennessee. I continued on the circuit, till the last of May, and saw that the Lord had revived his work in many places, and souls were converted.

      In the last of May, I left this part of the country, and directed my way for my native place in N. Carolina. During this time, I had expended the amount of my funds I had started with, which was $40; but at the time I was starting for Carolina, a man put five dollars in my hand, which I regarded as an instance of God's goodness to me. In June. I preached to a large congregation, on the old camp ground, where I had received my convictions. Many who came to laugh at [30] me, as they had done before, were constrained to weep, and many of the professors rejoiced and gave praise to God. I held several meetings in the neighborhood, and saw the tears mourner, and heard the shouts of happy christians.

      In the latter part of June, I bade adieu to my mother and brother, whose eyes were now filled with tears, and started to travel on a route assigned me, in the higher parts of Virginia. In five days I reached my circuit, at Major Ward's, on Staunton river, Campbell county, Virginia. In this journey I was, while preaching, insulted with scurrillous [sic] language, at Pittsylvania Court House, and at Ward's springs. From Major Wood's, I went to New London. Thence on Sunday, I preached at a place called the Tabernacle. Here a Methodist preacher encountered me. He said, he could not see for his part, how any person could be so blinded, as to pretend to go about the country preaching, and be connected with no society, and bound by no discipline! I replied that I belonged formally to the people, who professed as much religion as he seemed to have, and that I had that book, the Bible, for my discipline; whence all creed-makers, pretended to derive their authority for their disciplines, and if theirs were good, of course mine must be much better. [31]

      My circuit included Campbell, Bedford, Amherst, Nelson, Buckingham, Prince Edward and Charlotte counties. From Tabernacle, I went on and crossed James and Tie rivers, and came in among the hills and spurs of the south side of the Blue Ridge mountain. Here many of the people appeared to be rude, uncultivated, and apparently hardened in sins. But the Lord gave my words access to some of their hearts--some professed religion under my ministration, in those regions. The country is truly picturesque in the summer season, exhibiting in rich variety, the features of sublime and awful solitude, and the fascinating charms of rural scenery. At Stony point meeting house, I held meeting, where a revival commenced; several souls were professedly brought to the knowledge of the truth, and added to the church, and many of the brethren were comforted and built up in the faith of the gospel.

      I now obtained the name of the boy preacher, and from motives of curiosity, &c., my congregations were generally large, and it pleased the Lord frequently to attend my discourse with the energy of his holy spirit, to many of their hearts. In Charlotte county, a Methodist preacher undertook to give me a little drubbing, in public, by telling the congregation I was one of the tail end [32] of the Methodists--an O'Kellyite, and the people should be aware of such renegadoes, &c. I observed, the Methodists as a body, had not only one head, but three, which made it a monster; but that I had not until then, considered upon its having a tail, but according to him it had one. But I thought he was mistaken about its having dropt from the body, for it had just struck me, that as every member of the body is included between the head and the tail, the Bishops must be the head, and the class leaders the tail of the Methodist church; and that it yet cleaves to the body, and as related to me I truly never made any part of this apparatus. And as respected being an O'Kellyite, I was no more one, than he was an Asburyite, and I could not see why the one should not be as respectable as the other.

      Not long after this a Baptist preacher of great celebrity, and rhetorical powers, tried his skill in a congregation against me, and after ridiculing my rotten Armenian, [sic] Mushroom doctrine, observed to me, I ought to go home, and stay there till I had read and studied Dr. Gill's Body of Divinity. I informed him that I had read Dr. Gill, and had found the dry bones and skeleton of a body, but could find no meat nor nourishment on it, to feed my soul. [33]

      In Charlotte county, on Big Fallen, I preached in a neighborhood where a revival commenced. Several professed faith in Christ, and many were awakened to a sense of their sins. Some were taken with the exercise of the jerks, which was a new and strange thing to the people, and the first instance of the kind I had seen in Virginia.

      Thence I preached in Campbell Court House, and again at Major Ward's. In this route, I included upwards of two hundred miles, and attended about thirty-five preaching places.

      In October, I left the South, and went over on the north side of the Blue Ridge. On Craig's creek, I preached several times to weeping congregations. Thence I went over a high mountain, and preached several times on the sources of Sinking creek, where I constituted a church, under the Christian name, Here at old brother Peck's, a Methodist preacher opposed me in public, and declared that the Scripture was not a sufficient rule to govern the church, as I had said, unless it had eyes to see and a mouth to speak, &c. The people became offended at his spleen, and abruptly dismissed themselves. Thence I made for Raleigh, in N. Carolina, to a Union meeting. In my journey, I passed through Fincastle, Liberty, New London, Major Ward's, Pittsylvania Court [34] House, Danville, Casewell Court House, Hillsborough, and arrived in Raleigh on the second day of the meeting. On my way, in the solitary pine-deserts, lying between Pittsylvania Court House and Danville, I lost my way, and was under the necessity of tying my horse to a bush, and I took my lodgings by the side of an old tree, for the night. This was a time and a place for poetical fancy, and christian meditation!

      In Raleigh, I met with many preachers, collected from different quarters, and all seemed united in the glorious cause of christian liberty, and in the free communion of the children of God. The meeting lasted four days, in which time, several were converted and added to the church.

      On Tuesday, I left Raleigh, and went on in the company of B. Raney, for Haw river, my native place, and tarried all night with the pious James O'Kelly. This man as a christian, as an orator, as a reformer, as the father of the Christian Society, (so called) and as a man of strong mental abilities, needs not the eulogiums and the panegyric of my pen, to recommend him. This was an instructive and happy night to me.

      In two days from this place, I arrived at my mother's. I preached several times to attentive [35] and weeping assemblies among my old acquaintances. I then, by request, met with the Presbyterians at their sacrimental [sic] occasions, at Hawfields, Enon, Cross roads, &c. At these meetings the great work of the Lord was marvelous among the people. Here I found the Presbyterians were as noisy and seemed to have as much religion, as any people I had seen.

      In November, I started westwardly, and preached at Big Buffallo, [sic] Guilford Court House, &c., and on the Little Yadkin ; at widow David's, &c. I crossed the Blue Ridge at Flour Gap. Here I had the most extensive and delightful prospect of creation, I ever had. Around me the tremenduous [sic] spurs of the mountain, projected their lofty heads, and with frowning majesty seemed to overlook the clouds! Thence I could see the distant hills and little mountains thrown, as it were, by a careless hand, yet in beauteous order, over distant lands below!! Numerous farms, with many rural and picturesque scenes, rose into review, watered by purling rills and gurgling brooks, while distant Yadkin rolled along. Yonder stands Arrarat, or the Pilate mountain, about forty miles distant, rising like an awful pyramid, crowned as with a turret, of three hundred feet in perpendicular height, on the lofty mountain's top! [36] I went on to my brother Moses' on Chestnut creek, in Grayson County, Va., with whom I lived in the days of my affliction. I now commenced preaching to those who had seen me while I lay tortured, as man thought, on the gloomy borders of death! Religion was yet little known among these people. It pleased the Lord to awaken a number to a sense of their need of a Saviour, while I taught them the way of life. From this time, a revival began in those regions.

      In December, I bade adieu to my brother and family, and went into Wythe county, and preached at Newel's lead works, on New river. Thence I turned my course to the route, I had been traveling the summer preceding. The weather was now excessively cold, and I was but thinly clad. I crossed Little and Big Reed Islands, bold and rapid mountain streams. In the latter, my horse stumbled and wet me. My clothes soon became frozen, and to keep my feet from freezing, I drew my stockings, and walked with dry leaves in my shoes. The country was thinly settled, and I had no opportunity of eating or warming, till some time in the night. In three days I came again to one of my old homes, in Bedford county, and felt glad and thankful to God for his mercies, and for his preserving care towards me. [37]

      I now went on preaching, on the route I had traveled the summer previous, with unremitted zeal, exposures of body, fatiguing labors, and with an intense application to reading and study.

      Some time in January, 1809, while traveling, night overtook me north of New London. It was dark and rainy. The top of a tree fell in the road so near me, that a limb struck me and so badly wounded me, that I had to sit some time by the road side before I was able to ride. About 9 o'clock, I came to brother Wright's, and felt thankful to God that I was alive. My reflections this night, on the goodness of God, were comforting to my soul. In some places the work of the Lord prospered, and I felt encouraged and thankful that I was made an instrument of doing good to the souls of men.

      January 28th, I had to cross James' river to reach my appointment. The ford, I found was difficult and dangerous, as there was much ice in the way. In places the ice would bear my horse, and in some places it would break through the ice. In the splashing of the water, I became mostly wet and my clothes were soon stiffly frozen. Sometimes the ice forced me out of the ford, into almost swimming water, and I nearly despaired of reaching the shore! However, I [38] arrived on the bank, and found my path to ascend sidelong a tremendous hill, mostly glazed over with solid ice! I pulled off my shoes, and drew myself along by bushes, thinking and fearing every moment my horse and myself would fall from the awful verge, into the river below! But thanks to my great Preserver, I ascended safely, but through great peril, while my bones ached with cold, and my clothes rattled with ice. I went to my appointment, being almost frozen, and preached to a people who gladly heard the word.

      I now found that persecution and popularity had united to toss my name abroad. I found them to equiponderate in the scale of my reflection, to my advantage. So that by the one, I was not abjectly depressed, nor by the other, elevated in my own estimation, beyond the moderation of the christian character. My constant prayer was, to be delivered from the pride of the human heart. O! (thought I) when shall these towering notions, these worldly thoughts, this love of applause, this vexation at persecution cease. O! when shall I be resigned to all circumstances, and be contended in the varying situations of this fluctuating scene of life! O, when shall I gain that holy courage, that divine and undaunted disposition of [39] soul to stand firm and unshaken--that heavenly zeal to persevere, when derision, persecution and slander, with their thousand tongues, burst forth in united clamors, to sink me down in shame. O! for that meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price; that I may feel humble and thankful in prosperity, and patiently resigned in adversity and affliction.

      In March I crossed the mountains, and went again to Craig's creek, Bottetourt county, through much snow, ice and cold, and piercing wind. In this visit I found that the Methodists who had formerly manifested friendship to me, had turned to be my enemies and persecutors, and were now as cold and barren to me, as the mountains they inhabited. They debarred me from preaching in their public and private houses, but their opposition only seemed to increase my congregations, and open my way among the people. While preaching here, the Lord touched the hearts of some of the wicked and brought them to the knowledge of the truth. Truly did the wilderness turn to a fruitful field, and the desert blossom as the rose. Here I had an additional proof of the changeable and uncertain nature of Sectarian friendship. I was taught never to trust in [40] Sectarian love, further than I saw it, nor to confide in their pretended attachments, longer than I was with them.

      From this place I returned to my appointments whence I came, and found in some places religion reviving and souls were converted, and in some places the people seemed careless and unfeeling, and I apparently was of little use to them.

      April 10th, I attended at Chany Chapel with John Robinson and others, who professed to be Republican Methodists. I preached and communed with them. I believed in their religion, and felt sweetly united with them in christian love; but I did not believe in their little discipline and confession of faith, which seemed to have been borrowed from the Methodists and Presbyterians. Nor did I believe in their name, as I thought, it more properly belonged to the Beast, than to them.

      The vernal season, with all her reviving and blooming charms, now began to expand her blushing beauties round. The cold north winds cease to blow, and the white mantling snows are melted. The rising summits of the distant hills, and the fertile vales that lie between, now display their gay and living verdure. The birds flutter and sing, and fill the green woods with their [41] melodious song. O! thought I, when, in like manner, will the storms of persecution, contentions and oppositions, that chill the christian world, cease to blow. When shall the wide spreading [sic] and darkning [sic] clouds of anti-christian errors, be dissipated, and leave our christian horizon to pour the illuminating rays of divine light upon the intellectual world. When will this long raining and hard freezing winter roll away, to usher in the charming and delightful spring. When christians of every sect, like birds of every name, shall rise, revive and sing a universal song of victory, over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name!

      From this place I attended at several places, where I saw some good was done; but at one place I had a severe trial. A drunken man made an interruption in the congregation, by calling me a d---d fool, liar, hypocrite, &c., threatening to beat my d---d brains out. He was taken out of the house, and the doors shut against him; and after throwing some stones against the, wall on the roof, he went away.

      Within a few weeks past, I have seen many evidences of the divine favor, in the conversion of sinners, and some partial appearances of that [42] union and peace, which shall one day consolidate and harmonize all God's people. My soul has been enraptured in contemplating the glories of that happy day, when Anti-Christ shall be destroyed, and when Jesus shall be King in all the earth, and his name one.

      May 15th, I held a two day's meeting at brother Sledd's (a preacher) near the Blue Ridge. We held a commuion, [sic] and the Lord blessed us, and gave us a refreshing time.

      From this place, accompanied by brother Sledd, I started to a union meeting, to be holden at Shilow [sic] meeting house, in Halifax county, Va. On our way we held meeting at Major Ward's to a large assembly. At this place, I received an anonymous letter, containing six very difficult and perplexing questions; deeply involving the doctrine of Calvinism, Deism, and Universalism. The writer insisted for an answer, and as I fully thought those doctrines were not tenable, but could be refuted by Scripture and reason, I answered them. I have room here to insert neither the questions nor the answer. [sic]

      From this place we went on and reached at brother Chapel's, a Christian preacher. The people were careless and unaffected. We thence went home, and tarried during the night with [43] brother T. Jeter, a Christian preacher, of considerable eminence, but a slave holder! Here we met with Wm. Guiry and with F. Plummer, from New England, who were directing for the same meeting, to which we were going. The next day we all went on to the neighborhood of Shiloh. On Friday, 19th of May, the Union meeting commenced. At candlelight I was set forth to preach. I did so, to the joy of my own soul, and thought to the comfort of others. But F. Plummer, (from New England) immediately rose up in the congregation, and in his discourse observed, "such preaching (alluding to mine) was not fit for God, men nor Devils." This, with some other impertinencies, disgusted the most of the preaching brethren, so that he was but coolly received. Though he came to open a communication between, and to unite the christians in the East and South to-ether, he did not succeed in his mission. At this meeting, I saw and met with my dear brother T. Reeves, who had led me along and given me aid in the ministry, when I was weak and helpless. On Monday afternoon the meeting closed. It was solemn to see the preachers embracing each other, probably for the last time they should meet on earth. And to see the weeping mourners dropping the penitential [44] tear, and saying to the preachers, "pray for me."

      This evening I left the meeting ground, and went on four miles towards Danville, and tarried all night at the house where a daughter had been convicted of her sins, at the meeting, and was yet under great distress and affliction of mind. 'Twas said she slept none, but prayed and mourned all the night !Next morning I again prayed for her, and while engaged in the duty, she found redemption in the blood of the Lamb, the forgiveness of sins.

      Thence I passed on, crossed Dan river, and at night held meeting at brother West's; but my wind was clouded, and it was with difficulty I could find anything to say. After meeting, I felt mortified and much depressed. Next morning I was informed that a man was sensibly convinced of his sins, while hearing me preach, and was constrained to fall on his knees, on his way home, and prayed mightily for God to be merciful to his soul.

      Thence I directed my way for my native place, and in the evening arrived safely at my Mother's, and found her, my brother and relations well. During a week I preached in the neighborhood, in the day and at night the Lord tendered some [45] of the people's hearts, some of whom rejoiced aloud, and some cried for mercy.

      On the last Sunday in May, I met with J. O'Kelly, at Apple's meeting house, near the High Rock of Haw river, in Guilford county. The congregation was large and deeply affected. We had the communion, in which many of the Presbyterians, and some of the Methodists joined with us.

      From this place I went on westwardly, through Guilford, Stokes, Iredel and Surry counties, preaching almost every day, sometimes twice in the day. In Iredel, I could not do many mighty works, because of the Presbyterians! Their religion seemed to consist in keeping the Sabbath, and in withstanding every thing that was not Calvinism! I went on through Grayson and Wythe counties, in Va., and preached fifteen times in ten days, among my old acquaintances, in which time some professed religion, and some mourning under a sense of their sins, promised to seek the Saviour until they should find him, precious to their souls.

      I then returned to North Carolina, tarried two days with my relations, and went on to the lower part of the state, in the regions about Edenton. My profession was strange here, and my access to the people was difficult. Some of the [46] Methodists liking my doctrine, took me in till their circuit riders came round and alarmed them, that I was an O'Kellyite, and charged them to keep me out of their houses, and forthwith they obeyed them!

      I found the mosketoes [sic] and gnats to be exceedingly troublesome, the sectarians very bitter, and the water extremely bad and insalubrious. In my travel, not far from Tarborough, I called at an inn, late in the evening, and asked the landlord to stay all night, telling him I had no money. He began to interrogate me very impertinently. I answered him. He swore he thought I was some runaway apprentice boy, and that the horse I was on was a stolen one, and he had a great mind to take me up as such. I told him he was welcome to do so, and in this way I should get a night's lodging with him. However he cursed me to begone as he would not trouble his mind about it. I started, and in going a short distance, by the light of the moon, I discovered a path that lead [sic] through a thick woods, which I followed. After going about two miles through a dry, lonesome swamp, I came to a rural mansion, where I was received and hospitably entertained. This night, while lying in the bed my mind was led into an ample contemplation of the goodness of God, and his various dealings with me, which [47] filled my soul with inexpressible consolations. Here many lonesome scenes and joyful hours, which I had seen, rose into review. The many dangers I had passed, and the deliverances I had found. The occasion produced the following:

The next morning, my host having discovered that I was a preacher, invited me to stay and preach, which I did at candlelight, to an attentive and serious audience. On the next morning, when I was about to start, my host gave me one dollar, commended me to the protection of Almighty grace, and bid me God speed in the heavenly road.

      I now directed my course for the old route or circuit, which I had before traveled, with brother T. Reeves. About the 15th of July I arrived there, at a place called Holy Neck. I now went on preaching nearly every day, in the counties of Southampton, Nancemond, Currituck, Norfolk, Isle of Wight, and Surry.

      About the 1st of August, I held meeting at Lebanon meeting house, in Surry county, when a revival commenced. Old professors were animated, many of the wicked were convicted, and [48] some were converted. The cries and prayers of the congregation increased during the day. At night we repaired to brother Sudkin's to worship, and the meeting did not close till Tuesday; in which time thirteen souls professed to be brought from darkness to light, and loudly praised their Saviour.

      Thence I preached at Bartley's, Holaway's, Chapell's, and at brother B. Barnett's. At his house the work of the Lord revived. His son Mills was convicted of his sins, while I was preaching of the return of the prodigal son. Two of his daughters obtained the forgiveness of sins, and several others.

      On the second Sunday in August, I returned and held meeting at Lebanon, were perhaps 2000 people collected. Brother Barrett, the preacher met with me, and brought his son who was yet seeking the Saviour. At this meeting be professed to have the love of God shed abroad in his heart. At candlelight, while mourners were praying, and a general noise was in the congregation, a man came to me with a stick concealed under his coat, and asked me to come out to the yard, and pray for a mourner who was there crying for mercy, I started out with him, but before I came to the door, another man pulled me back, and as I was [49] returning to the pulpit, the man with his stick came and struck at me, but the blow was warded. He then caught hold of me and was about to beat me with his club, but was prevented by others, and put out of the house. I tarried three days in the neighborhood, and held meeting from house to house, almost all night and day. In this time seven gave evidence of being born again, and were added to the church.

      On Wednesday I went on, and preached at brother Holaway's. On Thursday morning, I started to my appointment, several miles distant, accompanied by two of brother Holaway's daughters, and one of their cousins. In our way we had to cross a stream of water, over which a new bridge was erected, and was in in unfinished state, having no banisters, and the plank loose on the sleepers. I went formost [sic] on the bridge. When I was nearly over, brother H.'s youngest daughter's horse became frightened at the shaking of the bridge, and instantly ran back on the end of the planks, and threw himself and his screaming rider into the stream! The water was about fifteen feet deep, and of considerable width. I jumped from my horse, and ran without pulling off my hat, coat or boots, and leaped into the stream to save the drowning damsel. Before I [50] reached her she caught me round the neck, and with much exertion I broke her hold. I took her by the arm with one hand, and with great difficulty, and at the hazard of my own life, conveyed her to the shore. Where I brought her to the bank, the water was deep; but by the assistance of the other two women, who had been screaming almost to distraction, we raised her on the bank, but to all appearance dead! A large portion of water poured out of her mouth, and we presently observed symptoms of life. In the space of half an hour, she recovered life and strength to speak. In broken accents she began to express her thanks to me, that I had saved her life, and said if it had not been for me, by this time she would have been in hell. I told her that her thanks belonged to God, who had preserved her life that she might take warning to repent. For the space of two hours she was unable to ride. We then helped her on her horse, and by the assistance of her sister holding her on, she was enabled to return homeward, but for want of strength, had to tarry with an acquaintance by the way for the night.

      This circumstance brought conviction to her soul--she sought, the Saviour by earnest prayer, and shortly found him in the forgiveness of sins. This was also the means of awakening two of her [51] brothers to a sense of their sins, both of whom shortly professed faith in Jesus; and one of them, Zachariah Holaway, shortly commenced preaching, and remains steadfast and useful to this day.

      I went in my wet clothes to my appointment, where the people were waiting for me. They thought strange to see me so very wet, on so clear a day, and some had it soon reported that I was drunk, and had fallen into the mill pond, &c.!

      Thence I went to brother Carrett's, where the little revival that had started, was yet spreading, and taking many, both old and young, out of Satan's kingdom, into the liberty of the children of God.

      From this place I went on my circuit, preaching to people in some places, apparently hard as stones, and at some places I saw appearances of good, till I came again to Lebanon, where the work of the Lord was yet spreading. The last Sunday in September, I spoke to a large congregation, and several professed religion. When meeting closed, I started out to my horse. When I came to him, two men were standing by, one with a large pocket knife open in his hand, the other held a large stick. One of them observed I ought to have a d---d beating, and that they intended to give it to me. They said because I had [52] bewitched the people--set them crazy, &c. The one raised his stick to strike me. I looked him in the face, and said Lord have mercy on your poor, wicked soul; at which his stick fell out of his hand, and his face turned pale. The other shut up his knife, and looking frightened, said, we can't hurt him. By this time, some others drew up and threatened to prosecute them for the assault, and they withdrew.

      A few weeks after this, we had a communion at brother B. Barrett's, where Wm. Guiry met with us. At this meeting several professed to be born again, and many were brought to their knees in tears and prayers. When we were about communing, it wicked mob collected and came to disturb us. Some of them were repulsed, and some remained in the house, and by way of mocking having furnished themselves, they ate bread and drank wine in commemoration of their Lord--and this they did, being intoxicated!! Shortly after this, one of them felt convicted for his crime, and became a sincere praying man.

      About this time, brother Mills Barrett, who professed to be my son in the gospel, being under exercises to preach the gospel, started out traveling with me, and continued mostly with me during my stay on that circuit. In which time, he [53] made a rapid improvement and seemed to bid fair to be a useful man.

      December 24th, I traveled all day facing an intense cold wind. Being thinly clad and having no great coat, about dark I felt myself numb and sleepy. I became alarmed, believing I would freeze. I alighted to walk, but was scarcely able to get along. Sleepiness had almost overcome me. In walking a little distance, I came to fire by the roadside, which perhaps had been left by wagoners. I kindled it, and warmed myself until I felt my strength return and my drowsiness leave me. I deemed this I providential deliverance from death, which I believe had already commenced to work on me!! Having warmed myself, I went about three miles, and came to old brother George's almost frozen again.

      Here I was soon made comfortable by the kindness of the family, and felt thankful that I had a merciful God, who was always mindful of me.

      Shortly after this, being in the neighborhood of Lebanon, the brethren hearing of my sufferings, bought me a great coat.

      During the winter I followed up my appointments with unremitted zeal, often suffering hunger, cold, persecutions, oppositions and threats of violence. In several places the work of the Lord [54] revived, and I felt consoled and fully compensated it, seeing souls converted to God.

      In the month of March, 1810, two Christian preachers, R. Dooly and R. Clark, from the west, came into my route. I introduced and recommended them among the brethren. We traveled together some days. They were highly esteemed, and seemed to be useful.

      In April I felt my mind strongly inclined to leave those regions, and sound the gospel in places far distant. I felt the more clear in doing so, as those men intended to stay in my circuit, till the Union meeting, which was to be held at Lebanon in May.

      About the last of April, I gave my farewell discourse to the people, and to the young converts at Lebanon. This was a solemn, though joyful time. Though we gave the parting hand, perhaps to see each other's faces no more in the flesh, we had a strong hope that we should meet in a better country, where we shall part no more. Thence I went on from place to place, till I came again to brother Barrett's. Here I preached and parted from the many happy young converts and faithful old soldiers of the cross, with whom I had enjoyed many happy hours in the worship of God. [55]

      By looking over my memorandum, I discovered that within the last nine months, when I started to come to this route, I had held about there [sic] hundred meetings, and seventy-three souls had professed a happy change from darkness to light, through the instrumentality of my labor, and many brought to a knowledge of their sins, who I hoped would have cause to thank God that he had ever sent me to proclaim liberty to their captive souls.

      By loud and frequent speaking--with the many devotional exercises, that devolved on me, I was now afflicted with a distressing cough and spitting of blood.

      I bade farewell to brother Barrett and his affectionate family, and directed my course for my native place in North Carolina. In ten days, having preached several times by the way, and suffered some distresses among strangers, I arrived in Haw River at my mother's. Next day I attended an appointment previously made for me. But with so much bodily weakness I could scarcely perform service. I attempted to hold several meetings in the neighborhood, but could not extend my voice to be heard by a large audience. It was now thought I had the consumption, and I was advised by friends to leave off speaking, [56] and relax my studies, that I might recover.

      On the 29th of May, I bade farewell to my mother and brother, and started, weak in body and much reduced in flesh, for the western and frontier countries. My contemplations during the day, were serious and mournful. The journey before me, the danger and distress I might meet, revolved in my mind. After riding forty miles, I called at an inn, in Stokes county, so weak and faint, that I could not get into the house without assistance. I felt during the night my complaint to increase. The landlord was previously acquainted with me. He seemed deeply interested for me, and wished to call for a physician, but I objected. Next morning I was unable to ride. I tarried till the next day. I had gained a little strength, and thought I could ride. I started on my journey again, and in only going a few miles, was convinced I was too weak to get along. I turned back, and in two days arrived at my mother's. I was there confined several days. Coughing and spitting blood harrassed [sic] me day and night. In about four weeks, I recovered a little strength, so that I could ride slowly, and speak so as to be heard by a congregation.

      June 29th, I started and traveled in various parts of N. and S. Carolina, frequently preaching [57] to large congregations. In some instances the, [sic] power of God attended the words of my mission, and several persons professed to be converted under my ministry. In these regions I found several companies of believers, who had collected themselves, together, under the name of "Christians," taking the Scriptures only for their rule. My coming to them, seemed like the coming of Titus.

      The weather was excessively warm here, and the people unhealthy and pale, but I felt myself recovering, and my strength increase. The land is very poor, except on some of the rivers, Pedee, Santee, &c., interpersed [sic] with pine and scrubby oak, sandy, level, and swampy. Thence I turned my course, and about Fayetterville, [sic] Newbern and Raleigh, in N. Carolina, I preached frequently. I went on through Wake, into Warren county, on Roanoke river, where I had some happy meetings. At Liberty meeting house, two souls professed to be brought to the knowledge of their sins forgiven. Here I met with J. O'Kelly. We went over the river into Virginia, and traveled several days together, and preached to large and attentive congregations. I returned to Carolina and held meeting at brother Gill's, where brother Mills Barrett me. [sic] We traveled together [58] through Warren, Granville, Orange and Casewell counties--crossed Dan river and went into Halifax county, Va. Thence returned into Carolina--went through Casewell, Rockingham, Guilford and into Orange county, and came to my mother's, having preached almost ever day, and frequently at candlelight; in which time, I saw thirteen souls delivered from the power of darkness, and translated into the kingdom of the Son of God. Many others were brought to a deep sense of their sins, and signalized themselves as mourners in Zion. We held a few meetings in the neighborhood. Brother Barrett and I then parted, and he returned, I suppose, to Virginia.

      By this time (September) I had almost recovered from my complaint. My spitting of blood had almost ceased, and my cough troubled me but little.

      October 14th, 1810, I started for the western country. I went sixteen miles and came to a communion occasion, held at Apple's meeting house, in Guilford county, Here I met with brother R. Dooly. This was a happy time to many of our souls.

      Monday 15th, I and brother Dooly, went on our journey, and tarried all night, in Salem, a Moravian town. These people live as one family. [59] The town is elegant, the streets are neat, and the people are sober, quiet, and peaceable. Thence we crossed Yadkin river, and put up at T. Anderson's in Rowan county. In this neighborhood, we held a five day's meeting, and administered the Lord's Supper. Here fifty-five Presbyterians forsook their confession of faith, and declared themselves the Lord's free children. From this meeting I directed my course westwardly, and traveled twelve days, and arrived at a great meeting, held by the people called Christians, at Hopewell meeting house, on Bledsoe creek, West Tennessee. In this journey I preached three times--passed through Jonesborough, Leesburg, and Greentown, in East Tennessee. Crossed Nolechucky, Walaga, Clinch, Holstein, Big Emera, and Cumberland rivers. In the wilderness, I suffered hunger and cold, being exposed to an incessant rain one whole day, and did not arrive at the stand where I had to put up, till late in the night.

      At this meeting, preachers and people were all strange to me, only one preacher whom I had seen before. I was kindly received, and admitted to preach on Sunday to the congregation, which was large, and attentive. I found the Christian preachers and the brethren here, to be much [60] like those in the South, differing from them mostly on the subject of baptism.

      Thence I directed my course for Duck river. Nov. 9th, I attended at Bethlehem meeting house, with several other preachers, on a communion occasion, which continued four days. During this time there was much exercise (as it is called) among the people. This exercise consists chiefly in shouting, dancing, jumping, hollowing, laughing, &c., &c.

      From this meeting I traveled one hundred and four miles, in three days, and held three meetings. People are but thinly settled here. Their houses consist of small cabins, and some who have lately arrived in the country, dwell in tents. The face of the country is exceedingly fertile and beautiful, and when cultivated and improved, will certainly yield those adventurers an ample remuneration for their present sufferings. I preached in Columbia, a county town, lately laid out on Duck river, to in attentive audience. I visited and preached to the settlers on Bigby and Elk rivers, and Richland creek. My audiences were small, but attentive, and individuals seemed to be deeply interested in the salvation of their souls.

      November 23d and 24th, I rode through a large extent of uninhabited country. It was mostly [61] covered with cane. The fertility of the soil, and the grandeur of the timber, fir exceeded anything I had ever seen.

      I returned to Columbia again, held meetings there, and in the region round about. Thence turned my course for Cumberland again, and preached at the Fishing Ford of Duck river.

      November 29th, I rode twelve miles to my appointment in the rain. No person met me at the appointed place. In the evening I put up at a preacher's house. I found him to be singular in his sentiments. Among many other novelties, he entirely rejected family prayer, as a burden laid on us by priest craft.

      December 1st and 2nd, I held a two days' meeting on Stone's river. The brethren appeared to be happy, and we thought the Lord was with us. Here I was met by brother Adams, a Christian preacher, a man of learning and information. From this place I went home with him, and preached at his house. Thence I preached about every day, till I came again to Hopewell. Thence to the barrens of Kentucky. [62]

      December 15th and 16th, I held a two days' meeting at brother Mulky's. Here brother Dooly met me. The people felt the weight and power of truth. A sister gave a discourse, which discovered a strong mind, and a zealous soul, and that went with energy to the hearts of the congregation. I preached in the regions round about, till December 29th. In which I had some happy seasons with the people of God, and met with some trials and distresses.

      December 27th. I started for the old settlements of Kentucky. In the night I put up at Col. Cacy's, in Adair county. I preached at his house, and several times in the neighborhood. There is no church of the Christian name here; but I conversed with some Methodists and Baptists, who appeared to be tired of their creeds, and of that spirit of bigotry, which has too long kept the children of God from fellowship and union.

      Thence I went three days through a poor and thinly inhabited part of the country--suffering a day's rain, crossing Green river, and many other rapid streams; some of which were full, and dangerous to be crossed. I came to brother I. Reed's, a Christian preacher, from Virginia, who lived near Kentucky river. With him I was [63] refreshed. He introduced me among the Christian brethren. I preached almost every day, and sometimes twice in a day, in those regions, and frequently to large congregations, where I saw many happy brethren, and many weeping mourners, and some who professed to be born again. Thence I went to Lexington, and held meeting at brother Edes'.

      January 13th, 1811, I held meeting at Mount Tabor and Bethel meeting houses. At Tabor the people were dull and lifeless. I preached at brother I. Elmore's, a Christian preacher, with whom I had been acquainted in Virginia, and with whom, in his own house, I had often taken sweet counsel. I continued to preach in Lexington, and in the regions round, until March 22d. During this time, I saw the work of the Lord revive in several places, and a number of souls professed to be born of God, through the instrumentality of my feeble labors.

      March 22d, I bade farewell to my friends in Lexington, and started to Cane Ridge. At Cane Ridge meeting house, and about there, I held several meetings to large and deeply affected audiences. This place is sacred and memorable, in my estimation, because the people who now are called " Christians," for the first in the west, [64] here discarded all human catechisms, confessions of faith, doctrines and disciplines of men, and publicly declared themselves, henceforth, to be known, as a religious body, by no other name than that of Christian, and to take the Scriptures only, for their rule of faith and practice.

      From this place I went on and preached a few times in and about Concord meeting house. Here I saw some remarkable instances of the jerks, Thence I started for Fleming county, and traveled all day in an incessant rain. When I came to Licking river, it was very full and rapid. While crossing in a boat, she struck a stump, which stroke split a plank of the boat, and the water began to run into her, but we narrowly escaped sinking, by arriving at the shore just before she filled. I put up at one of the brethren's near Flemingburgh. Next day I preached in the neighborhood, where we had a happy and memorable time. Thence, on Cabin creek. On the Ohio river, I preached several times. Here the spirit of the Lord was marvelously among the people. Some were convicted of their sins, and two professed to have the love of God shed abroad in their hearts.

      I crossed the Ohio river, and preached on Eagle creek, and at West Union. Thence I made for [65] Clear creek. My road was uninhabited till I came to New Market. Soon after passing this place, night overtook me. My road was muddy, the night was dark, and I found no house to stop at, till late in the night. I came into Hillsborough, and put up with a Quaker, who used me kindly. Next morning, I went to brother G. Wilson's on Clear creek. I preached in his house and in the neighborhood. I preached in Hillsborough. The audience was deeply affected, some af [sic] the Methodists shouted, and sinners wept. Thence I preached at brother Gibson's.

      April 19th, I started to return to the Ohio river again, by the way of West Union. This day I traveled a solitary road, and a concurrence of circumstances turned my meditations on the subject of the origin of the Devil. I inquired how he came? I thought on the popular opinion--that he was once all angel of light, and probably one of the highest order. To this I answered, if he once were an angel of light, &c., the highest created celestial being was peaceable, and, of course, not in a secure state. Again, I could not account how temptation could be introduced to, or sin be committed by a pure, perfect, and glorified spirit. I also thought, that if sin affected the breast of this angel, or angels, while in heaven, it must [66] have had a similar effect in the heavenly world, to that which it produced on our earth when introduced in Eden. This would make a hell of heaven. I thought of the passages that favored this doctrine. Jude 6, Isaiah 14:12, 13, 14. From the context of these passages, I concluded the one in Isaiah alluded to the king of Babylon, and the one in Jude, to the man of sin, or those who spake great swelling words. Again, where there is no law there is no transgression; and sin is a transgression of the law. How a pure spirit, the immediate emanation of God, could have a law, or what kind of a law could be given them, was utterly beyond my reach to understand. My thoughts transported we beyond myself, and for the moment I sunk into a maze of scepticism. I asked what is the Almighty? Is my existence real or imaginary? I stopped my horse. I was on the regions of despair.

      I felt miserable! Lamenting my condition, in full confidence that there is a God, I cried, Lord save me. My hope returned, and my doubts fled away. Coming to myself, I became afraid I might destroy myself. Having no weapon but a penknife, I took it from my pocket and threw it into the woods! I thought of these words, "Thy God whom thou servest continually, is able to [67] deliver thee;" which gave me great comfort. Temptations and gloomy prospects continued to depress my mind during the day. In the evening I held meeting in West Union, but I felt embarrassed and confused. I slept but little during the night. I rose at the dawn of day, and walked to the woods. I viewed the spacious firmament, which was clear and tranquil, richly decked with her thousand stupenduous [sic] orbs of light. I saw the orient beams of day, gild the eastern horizon, and with inimitable beauty irradiate the western sky. The scene struck me with amazing conviction. Here is the Mighty God exhibited throughout his boundless empire! The birds awoke from their slumbers, and with varied notes tuned their early anthems to the coming day. Innocence and joy seemed to sound through all the surrounding woods. My mind emerged from her gloom. My soul was overwhelmed with gratitude and love. With inexpressible raptures I mingled my song with the warblers of the grove, and sang:

This was it joyful morning, and one to me, never to be forgotten. [68]

      From this place I went on, and preached at Eagle creek. Here the Lord displayed his love in the redemption of one soul, and in the conviction of two others, who presented themselves as mourners; for, and with whom we prayed. After meeting, as I was riding on the bank of the Ohio, a thunder storm came on, and a flash of lightning, my horse frightened and threw me off him. Not being dangerously hurt, I caught him, and in the midst of the rain and hail, I came to a small cabin and took shelter. After the shower, I crossed the river, and held meeting at candlelight on the Kentucky shore, at a house where a sick woman lay, apparently nigh unto death. In this audience there was rejoicing and weeping. Thence I preached at Cabin creek, where there was an old sinner convicted, and be desired that prayer should be made for him. Christians rejoiced and sinners mourned. Thence I crossed the Ohio--preached twice on Eagle creek. Then went on and preached at West Union. From there to Brush creek and preached several times, and on Sunfish. People are but thinly settled here, and have but little preaching. I did not see much sign of my being profitable to them. I returned to Clear creek, and held meeting at I. Kirkpatrick's (a Christian preacher) and on [69] Sunday at the meeting house near by. We had a happy time.

      Thence I started for the Scioto country. The second day, I preached at the house of a Methodist, near a place called Oldtown. Thence I came to brother Wilson's. I preached at his house to a few people. Several miles front this place, I attended a meeting, in conjunction with it young Methodist preacher, by the name of Bascomb, now the orator. His sermon contained some gross inconsistencies, and some cutting reflections against the profession to which I belonged. I endeavored to rectify his mistakes--a controversy ensued. We ended about where all such fruitless contentions end--where we began! Thence I preached at the widow Wolf's, on North Paint, where the exercise of the people was marvellous in my eyes.

      May 2d. From this place I directed for my appointment on Deer creek, near where Yankeetown is now known. In this day's travel, I was delighted with the face of the country called the barrens. The extensive plains, clothed with living verdure, variegated with wild flowers of every tint and hue, while the rich perfume of the blooming roses, is wafted on the wings of every passing zephyr, prompted in me an enthusiasm of [70] pleasure, but rarely felt. At night I preached to a few people. Next day I preached lower down the creek. After meeting I went to brother Alkier's, a Christian preacher. Near his house I held a two day's meeting in an unfinished meeting house, on the bank of Deer creek.

      May 6th. In the morning I prepared and started on my way for Philadelphia. In going a few miles, I lost my way and wandered in the barrens for some hours, but falling in at a cabin, I was directed towards the Pickaway Plains. I presently came to the Scioto, and crossed it at Westfall, and went through the Plains--a delightful prospect. I put up and tarried all night in New Lancaster. The next evening I tarried in Zanesville, on Muskingum river, and held meeting in the Court house. On the next day, at 10 o'clock, I held meeting in the same place. Thence I went on several days. One evening a man followed me some distance with a gun. By his manner I apprehended he designed mischief against me. He left the road and took the woods; but as far as I could see him, he partly kept the, direction of the road. Shortly after he was out of my sight. I came to a creek, it was then it little dark. While my horse was drinking, I thought I heard a gun snap. I whipped up my horse, went over the [71] creek, and ascended a small hill. I then saw the man coming through the woods towards me. I then dismounted my horse, gave him a stroke with my whip, and sent him on in a trot. I then went towards the man and hailed him as a friend. I told him I was a preacher, a stranger, &c., and, as I was almost run out of money, I wished him to tell me where I could find a religious man's house to stay during the night. He pretended to tell me. I then bid him adieu, and went on. He came into the road, and went back towards his home. Getting out of sight, I ran to overtake my horse; for I was yet afraid that he might take a nigh turn, and overtake me again. I came up to my horse, mounted, and rode him with speed fur some distance. I found my road kept a pretty straight direction, and presently thought myself out of danger. I traveled, I thought, ten miles and came to a house, where I tarried for the night.

      May 11. I started in the rain, and the rain fell incessantly during the day, and I became wet and cold. In the afternoon, I put up at an inn, and called for something warm to eat. The two women of the house soon fell into conversation with me. I found they had been brought up Presbyterians. While dinner was preparing for [72] me, the young woman asked me if I were a professor of religion? I answered yes. She asked me of what denomination. I did not tell her, but told her to guess. She tried, but did not guess right. She then said she did not believe I had religion, but I will know, said she, when dinner comes on; for if you are a religious man, you will surely say grace. Dinner came on, I sat down and began to eat, without saying grace, as they could hear. In a short time, I asked her if she thought I could preach? Preach! said she, you can preach about as much as I can. Said I, if you will get the liberty of this house for me, I will try what I can do at it. She asked the landlord for the house--he seemed to be as fond of the joke (as they thought) as she was, and granted the house, and immediately sent off a boy to tell the people to come to preaching, to-morrow at 12 o'clock. After the boy was gone, she said to me, are you not sorry? Not much, said I. Before I repaired to bed, I asked leave to pray. In prayer the young woman was brought under conviction, and constrained to weep. After prayer, I exhorted her, and pointed out her salvation in the great Redeemer. Next day the people gathered, and I preached to them. When I started from the [73] place, the young woman promised to seek the Saviour till she found him.

      Thence I went on, crossed the Ohio river, and preached in Cannonsburg. Thence through Pittsburgh--I preached in Bedford Court house, Pennsylvania.

      May 24th, I arrived in Philadelphia. I put up with John Hunter, Esq., deacon in the Christian society. An appointment was made for me, at their meeting house, that evening, at candlelight. Before meeting came on, Elias Smith and John Gray, from New England, arrived. I preached to an attentive audience. On the next evening, I heard E. Smith preach. I preached during several days in different places in the city. Two souls professed religion, and were joined to the church.

      Thence I went into the great Valley, (so called) in Chester county, Penn. I hold several meetings there, and met much opposition from Sectarians. Here I became acquainted with R. Pucheon, a Christian preacher.

      Thence I went into Delaware above Newport. I preached with success--souls were awakened, and some forsook their creeds and disciplines, and promised to take the Scriptures or their rule. [74] From this place I went and preached in Newark, Christiana, Elton, Charleston, at Susquehannah river, Haverdegrace, and in Port Penn. Thence I returned to Newport--held several meetings, and the work of the Lord continued to revive. I then went on to Philadelphia by the way of Wilmington and Old Chester. In the city, I found the work of the Lord prospering, among the christian people, and members were added to them.

      I now became acquainted with a young man by the name of R. F. Ferguson, who related to me his experience, and the manner in which the Lord was calling him to preach the gospel. I heard him in exhortation. I thought he might be useful. I informed him, if he would turn out to the work of an Evangelist, I would sell my saddle, &c., and purchase a gig, in which I would give him a seat, and take him with me through the country. He promised to do so, when his apprenticeship would expire. This would be about the following Christmas.

      I traveled and preached in different places in Pennsylvania and Delaware, and in Philadelphia, to average more than once a day, until September. During which time, I suffered much persecution, and many lonesome and disconsolate feelings, [75] cause I was sometimes destitute and in want. In this time I was baptized by immersion in the river Schuylkill, and ordained an elder of the Church of Christ in the city of Philadelphia.

      Having purchased a double-seated gig, I made ready to start towards the South. My farewell sermon was appointed to be in our meeting house, in the city. We had a weeping time, yet many of us rejoiced in spirit, in hope that we should meet again, where parting is not known.

      September 20th. In the morning, brother R. Ferguson and I concluded that he should meet me in Alexandria, (D. C.) about the ensuing New Year, in order to travel with me to preach the gospel. I left the city in the company of E. S. to attend a union meeting in Virginia. We preached in Newport, Delaware, at night. After we crossed Susquehannah river, my horse tired. E. S. was riding in my gig with me. He left me with my tired horse on the road, and took passage in a hack to Baltimore. With difficulty, I passed on to Alexandria. Thence I went into Fairfax county, Va., about Fall's church, and held meeting. Here I had two dollars given me. This took me to Fredericksburg, where I held meeting. Thence to Dickinson's Chapel, where we held our union meeting. Here, I saw among [76] many other preachers, Z. Holloway, and M. Barrett, my gospel children.

      From this meeting, I returned to Alexandria and to Fairfax, where, especially, about Fall's church, I had some precious and soul reviving meetings.

      About the 16th of October, I went forward to Shenandoah county. On the 19th I arrived at Wm. Smith's, on Cedar creek. My road was exceeding muddy; my horse was poor and small. Twice I had to prize my gig out of the mire. My money gave out, and I had to beg a night's lodging at an inn. I preached at Smith's [sic] Beohm's, and in Stoverstown, to large audiences. At Beohm's I held a communion, and introduced washing of feet among the brethren. The work of the Lord prospered. Near Stoverstown I baptized eight persons, in the presence of a weeping multitude.

      Thence I went to Winchester, and preached in the Presbyterian meeting house. From this place I went on, and preached on the 3d Sunday in November, at Mr. Rittenour's, to a few people, not much softer than stones. Here, for the first time, I saw her, who afterwards became my wife. Thence I preached in Shenandeah, [sic] in different places, till the first of December. I then returned to Fairfax county. I held meetings in different [77] places till the 23d. I then went to Alexandria. I left word with a friend, that when R. F. Ferguson came on, he should be directed to find me at brother Gunnel's, in Fairfax.

      December 26th, brother F. came to me. We tarried in the neigborhood [sic] eight days, and preached at several places, and saw some appearances that good was done in the name of the Lord. Brother F. is now only an exhorter. Thence we returned for Shenandoah. The third day we suffered extremely by the cold winds, ice and snow. After traveling thirty miles, sometime in the night we came to M. Rittenour's, in Frederick county, hungry, weary, and almost frozen. The family was very kind, and the affectionate attention paid me by Christiania, [sic] created in me a fond attachment.

      I preached in Shenandoah and Frederick counties in a number of places. At M. Rittenour's, after preaching a few times, the work of the Lord revived. In the space of two months, about sixty-five persons had professed to be converted, and about seventy-two I baptized in the neighborhood. During this time, in other places the work of the Lord revived; several came to the knowledge of the truth, and I baptized them.

      On the third Sunday of Februrary, [sic] I attended [78] at the Round hill, with a large audience. A Mr. M. Fry, a Methodist preacher, had put in an appointment at the same time and place. He told me he intended to preach, and then hold class meeting. I saw he was for an opposition. I told the people that all who wished to bear me, should follow me to brother Carter's. The people all followed me, but a few, with whom he neither preached nor held class meeting, as I was told.

      March 21st, 1812, I proposed, for the first time, the subject of marriage to Christiana Rittenour. I told her that if she was not prepared to give me a decisive answer, she might consider on the subject one week. Her answer was deferred. In our next interview, our marriage was decided on. It was agreeable to her parents.

      April 5th, 1812. On Sunday evening at candlelight, in the house of Michael Rittenour, I was married to his daughter Christiana. About this time, it was reported that I had a wife in the State of Ohio, and many other things prejudicial to my character. I continued to preach in the regions round, until April 30th, with unwearied diligence; suffering much persecution and opposition; and the Lord abundantly blessed my feeble labors, to the comfort and to the salvation of many souls. [79]

      April 30th, 1812, I left my father-in-law's--my wife and me--and started for North Carolina. I and brother Ferguson now parted. He was to stay in the regions round here, to attend to the work of the ministry. The first Sunday in May I preached in Fall's church, in Fairfax county, and then at different places in the neighborhood, to attentive and some seriously affected audiences. Thence in Alexandria, Ocquecon, Dumfress, Stafford Court house, and Fredericksburg. In this last place I put up with my kind friend C. Clark, a Christian preacher. Thence to Wm. Guiry's. He is a man of great natural and acquired abilities--has been of great popularity and usefulness. But I am afraid he is indulging too much in the vanities of this world. Here I was detained three days, by a great fall of rain. After leaving this place, in going a few miles, I came to a creek that was yet full and very rapid. Fearing to venture in the water with the gig, I loosed the horse, and took my wife behind me, and ventured in. The horse was directly borne down by the current, below the fording place, and my wife fell off the horse into the stream! With much difficulty I saved her from drowning, and brought her to the shore. I then hitched my horse into the gig and drove in; but about the middle [80] of the stream, one wheel hitched against a rock, and the horse, in drawing, broke the harness, went on, and left his gig and its contents in the stream. I was with hazard and difficulty that I finally extricated all from the water! Leaving this place, we presently came to another stream, more large and dangerous than the other. On the bank, we came out of the gig, and immediately the horse became frightened, and took to the stream; a number of books and some other articles were tossed out of the gig, and lost in the water, and we were then left behind! I then waded and swam the stream--overtook my horse, and with much trouble I brought all over safely. I then went on, and tarried two days at old brother Gwatkin's. Here I preached to a weeping audience, and felt much better than I did six years ago, when I was here, soon after I began to try to preach. Then I was despised and rejected. Here I was offered fifty acres of land, with a good house on it, etc., if I would settle myself, and take charge of the church in that place.

      Thence I went on, and preached in Richmond; and at brother Gils's, a Christian preacher, near Petersburg. Here I met brother Z. Holloway, my son in the gospel, who had made great improvement. [81]

      From this place, I went up the country, preaching almost every day. Crossed Roanoke river, and came into North Carolina, and called at brother Moss's. I preached at Liberty meeting house, to an attentive and serious congregation, and was publicly opposed by brother T. Morris, a Christian preacher. As he was an aged man, I made no reply. Thence to the White Plains, and at several other places, to Hillsborough. From this place I went on to my mother's. I felt thankful to my Heavenly Father, that I had been spared during an absence of eighteen months. In this time, I traveled about seven thousand miles, preached four hundred and sixty times, and saw about ninety-two souls delivered from the power of darkness, professedly through my instrumentality!

      Here I left my wife, and traveled through Guilford, Stokes, Iredel and Surry counties, in North Carolina; and Grayson and Whythe counties, in Virginia. In this route, I saw and felt some precious seasons of spiritual joy and prosperity. In Grayson, I was rejoiced to see that a great reformation had taken place amongst the people, since I first visited them with the gospel. Thence I returned on the game route, and arrived safely at my mother's, where my wife was, having [82] been absent about four weeks, traveled about four hundred miles, and preached thirty times.

      Here I bought fifty acres of land, and began to improve on it. So soon as I became located, meeting house doors were shut, and a furious opposition, by the Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists, raged against me! I had several places erected in the woods to preach at, but some of the public speakers of the sects, fearing, as they thought, I would lead the people astray, frequently met me at those places, and opposed me, to the great disturbance of the congregation. It was not an uncommon thing now, for a preacher to say, (while in his pulpit,) of me, that I ought to be put into prison--should be closed in a dungeon--should not be suffered to preach, and one, that I, with all my books ought to be burnt! I now had reason to believe, that if the laws of our country favored the blood-spilling spirit of Anti-Christ, the former times of strife and vengeance would soon roll on again, when one professed christian, could triumphantly cut off the head of another, and rejoice to see a brother dissenter, expire in the flames, if he should not subscribe to his human-made creed, and receive all his unscriptural dogmas! When I would go to the meetings of those people, I could hear them pray for [83] christian union--tell us to love one another--could hear them shout, and praise God, &c. How inconsistent! What disparity between example and precept! What hypocrisy! How degrading to the cause of Christ.

      About the first of January, 1813, I commenced teaching school, for the term of three months. We were then living in a new house unfinished, the chimney up only as high as the first story. About the 10th, a furious storm came up in the night. The wind came down the chimney with great force, and blew the fire over the floor, and under the house, and among the pine shavings. The wind blowing in a whirlburst the doors open, and while the lightnings were flashing, thunders roaring, trees crashing, and our hearts failing, the fire was rapidly kindling in and under the floor! The house withstood the fury of the wind, and by hard exertion, we extinguished the fire without suffering serious loss.

      About the first of February, I was taken with the White Swelling, in my right shoulder. I was soon unable to move my arm, or hand, without the aid of the other; and the pain was incessant, and inexpressible [sic] severe, for the space of seven weeks. About this time, there was a report in circulation, and believed by some, that I was not [84] married, but had ran away with Mr. Rittenour's daughter, without his knowledge or consent; and it was thought that my affliction was a judgment sent on me, to punish my wickedness. This was the religious effusion of Sectarian zeal. O! how intolerant!

      On the 10th of May, I and my wife started for her fathers', in Virginia. I preached several times on the way, and arrived there in ten days;. having passed Casewell Court house, Danville, Pittsylvania, Major Ward's, Lynchburg, Amherst Court house, Rockfish Gap, Kiesletown, New Market, Woodstock, and Stoverstown. I preached at my father-in-law's, to a people with whom I had formerly seen and felt glorious times, in the work of the Lord. Thence I preached at Crooked Run, Newtown, Stoverstown, Round Hill, Timber Ridge, &c. During this time, I was solicited to take my residence in Frederick County, Va., to which I consented. I then borrowed money from the Bank of Winchester, to settle my business in Carolina, whither I started from my father-in-law's, on the 10th; leaving my wife with her parents.

      I settled all my concerns in Carolina, only with my brother Jacob, to whom I owed one hundred dollars; and that I should be under no censure by [85] him, I gave him possession, and a deed of my land, till I should pay him; with the express understanding, that he should not charge interest on my obligation, nor I claim any rent for my premises; and that, when I should pay him, this bargain was to be null.

      On the 10 of July, I started for Virginia, and preached in several places on my way. On the 20th, I arrived at my father-in-law's, and found my wife well. August 12th, my wife brought forth a daughter, and we named her Sophronia.

      I shortly purchased a lot in Kernstown, near Winchester, and situated there in October following. In the intermediate time, I continued to preach, in various places in Frederick, Hampshire, and Shenandoah counties. I baptized some young converts, and met with some opposition.

      In September, I went to Carolina. Brother I. Ellis of Frederick county went with me. On the way, at Major Ward's I met with a man who said he was a believing jew. He wears no hat--has no name, neither personal nor professional. Never rides. Dresses in a plain robe. Preaches repentance. Remembers Mary in every discourse. Holds no controversy. Takes no money, neither does he use any. Cuts neither hair nor beard. Professes to follow Christ in the [86] regeneration; nor will be own anything in the world. He is an aged man; a great scholar, versed in several languages: the Assyrian, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, German, English, &c. Profound in reason; expert in the Scriptures; plain and sublime in his language. Decent, modest, and humble in his manners. Solid and convincing in his discourses. Familiar and naturally fascinating in private conversation.

      October 14th, 1813, I moved, and settled myself and family, in Kernstown, Frederick county. Va. At this place I commenced teaching school. My gospel labors were now circumscribed chiefly to Sabbath days. The space of a few months, I enjoyed the sweets of domestic and rural life. I experienced a calm, which has since seemed to be a prelude to a longer and more violent storm of life, than I had ever before experienced.

      About the first of June, 1814, I was led into a more serious, honest, deliberate and general consideration of religion, and its various duties, than had ever before revolved in my mind. I now contemplated religion to be entirely spiritual and pure. I was rationally convinced, that the surrounding sects were deluded, and, that I was a better imitator of them, than of the precept and example of the meek and lowly Jesus! It was [87] shown to me, that I had greater things to do, than I yet had done, and a heavier cross to bear. I would have to bear a full and faithful testimony against Anti-Christ, and against the pride and fashion of this world; both by precept and example. The article, and the manner of dress, came into view, and was considered no small thing. A white dress, so frequently mentioned in the Scripture, indicative of the bride having made herself ready for the marriage; and the innocency and purity which should characterize every minister of Christ, was the one evidently dictated for me. My mind was seriously exercised, and daily oppressed with what I took to be the "burden of the Lord." My soul became like the troubled ocean. My hours of sleep were disturbed, and the business of the day, often interrupted by the agitation of my feelings. My flesh grew lean, and my appetite failed. I was impressed with the duty of preaching, after the example found in Mark 6th, and Luke 10th; and that I should deny the present fashion of dress, both as relates to cut and color, and particularly to refuse black. I was impressed to wear white, to represent my traveling in great tribulation, to meet with those who are clothed in white around the throne of God.

      October 29th, 1814, I removed my family to [88] Shenandoah county, near Woodstock, and commenced a school there, the term of six months. About the first of December, I received a letter from Carolina, stating that my brother had sold my possessions there, and retained my note! O! the treachery and deception of man!

      Finally, after many heart struggles of mind, I gave up to obey the duties made plain to me. I promised my Saviour if he would be with me, and prepare my way before me, that I would follow him in the mortifying path which he had manifested to me, though it should draw on me the scorn, derision, and contempt of all the world.

      I sold my possession in Kernstown, my horse, etc., and prepared to travel on foot to preach the gospel. Before my school expired, I traveled a short route in my new mode and manner, and on my return, my feet were very sore and blistered. An old professor said, "well, Thomas, won't this beat you out of your foolish notion of following Christ!" I told him, I thought not.

      July 6th, 1815, I gave my family to God and to the word of his grace, and started, as a stranger, and yet well known, as a deceiver, and yet true, to preach the everlasting gospel to them that dwell on earth. I went on through Frederick [89] and Hampshire counties, and returned again, having been about thirteen days, preached twenty-three times, and walked 130 miles. I was now celebrated by the name of "Crazy Thomas." In the manner I traveled, I discovered the pride and hypocrisy of professors' hearts, and saw that they were further from the pure gospel than I had ever before anticipated!

      July 21st, my wife brought forth a daughter, and we named her Philomela.

      July 29th, I started on a long journey towards the South. I preached in Mount Pleasant, where as I heard some years afterwards, there was a vain, fashionable young lady brought under conviction, and sought the Lord until she found him. I preached in New Market, on Smith's creek, Harrisonburg, Miller's Iron works, and in several places onward to Staunton, where I met with a kind reception among the Methodists; but I smarted for it afterwards. I passed through Augusta and Rockbridge counties, where I experienced sufferings and persecutions among the Presbyterians. At Cop's meeting house, in Botetourt county, I preached several times, where a reformation commenced. Here I obtained the name of the "Pilgrim Preacher;" which has exceeded all others given me [sic] [90]

      Thence I preached in Fincastle, in the Methodist meeting house. Some or the Methodists shouted, and sinners wept. From this place, I directed my course over rugged and towering mountains, to Craig's creek. On this creek I preached in several places, to people apparently as hard and barren as the mountains that surrounded them. I observed a lamentable falling away among the people, from the cause of religion, since I had visited them seven years ago.

      From here I went a pathway over an exceeding high mountain, to Sinking creek; on the summit of which, I had an ample display of nature's wildest and sublimest features. On Sinking creek I preached at J. Webb's. Having left this place, a violent thunderstorm overtook me in the wild and strange woods; a great rain fell, and I became very wet. I came on to Spruce Run, where night met me. She with sable mantle, wrapped the high raised mountain's top in lonesome darkness, and whelmed the lowly sunken dell, into which I was descending, in thicker gloom. In this solitary wild, hungry, wet and faint, I called in at a cabin, and tarried during the night. But, alas! I found nothing to satisfy my hunger but cucumbers without salt. Here nature represents a picturesque and retired scene, well [91] calculated to inspire the poet's muse, and contemplation of the philosopher. Next morning, I went on my way, and, in going a few miles, I came to New river. I had some difficulty in crossing it. I traveled some distance up the river. Here nature is clothed, not in garlands and roses, smiling in perennial and never-fading verdure, but stands frowning in the most sublime and majestic attire. Here Walker's mountain (as it is called) to all appearance, by some tremenduous [sic] catastrophic, has been cleft asunder, from base to summit, exhibiting towery rocks, lonesome and far-projected pinnacles, while pile upon pile, add wonder to the romantic figure! Through this mighty chasm, runs the roaring river, while foam, wave and tumultuous fury perfects one of the grandest and most majestic pictures of nature. My path led along the river's brink, over and between the dangerous rocks, that pile the rugged way. Passing this place, I was introduced into a large and fertile bottom, where I appeased my hungry appetite on May apples, its they are called, having ate [sic] nothing for nearly forty-eight hours, and having walked about fifty miles. Late in the evening, tired and hungry, I came to J. Toolinger's, where I was refreshed and comforted. Next day, (Sabbath,) I met with Mr. Morris, a Methodist [92] preacher, at Page's meeting house. The preacher objected to my preaching in the house. By request of the people, I preached to them in the woods.

      Then in Newbern, on Pea creek, etc., passing through Montgomery, Wythe and Grayson counties, preaching more than once a day, generally to large congregations. From Grayson county, I went into North Carolina, preached at the house of Gov. Henderson. Thence onward to the Moravian towns, where I was kindly received, and admitted to preach in their meeting houses. Thence in different places on the Yadkin river, and near to Salisbury.

      Thence I turned my course, and retraced on my journey, till I came to Newbern, in Montgomery county, Va. Thence I went to Montgomery Court house; and while I was passing the street, a man hailed me--said he had heard of me, and wished me to stop and preach for them. I did so. Thence on Roanoke, I preached to an audience who had gathered to raise a house. Walking a log over the stream, I fell into the water, and was under the necessity of swimming out. In Salem, Botetourt county, I was kindly received, and preached twice in the Methodist meeting house. It was reported here, and believed [93] by some, that I was crazy, and had ran away from my family. A man told me that he was then immediately from Newtown, near my father-in-laws, [sic] and he was there told by a Methodist, that my father-in-law believing I never would return, went with his wagon and moved my family to his house, to take care of them! This gave me some uneasiness. Thence I preached near Amsterdam, and in Fincastle. Here from the post office, I lifted a letter from my wife, which gave me great consolation, as it unwittingly contradicted the above report.

      Thence I went on to Cop's, Pattonsburg, and at different places in Rockbridge. Here I traveled one whole day in the rain, and ate nothing. After dark I was admitted to take shelter in the house of a Presbyterian; but he gave me nothing to eat. Next morning he charged me thirty-three cents, and a stranger, who was present in time of reckoning, paid it for me. I went nine miles to brother Menga's, in Augusta county, and was again provided with a breakfast, having walked forty miles, and fasted thirty-six hours. I preached in Middlebrook and in Staunton, where I found some Methodists had turned against me. Thence, I preached on North river, Harrisonburg, [94] New Market, Mount Pleasant; and on the 26th of October, I preached at brother S. Hickle's in Shenandoah where my family met me.

      On the 28th, I arrived at my own dwelling, and preached to a large audience. I felt great consolation in my soul, and very thankful to God on the occasion that I had been preserved through many trials and dangers, and was permitted to see my family and friends again in health, in this land of changes.

      In this journey I was absent ninety-two days, preached ninety-seven times, and walked upwards of eleven hundred miles--endured many hard trials and difficulties--delivered from some imminent dangers--endured much persecution--saw that some professors were convinced of their errors--some sinners convinced of their sins, and brought to the knowledge of the truth.

      I preached a few times in my neighborhood. Thence into Frederick county, at and about my father-in-law's, where I was yet known by the name of "Crazy Thomas!" Some said it was a dishonor to the gospel, for a preacher to wear such a garb as I did; though it was white and generally clean. Some said it was scriptural, and the most suitable. Lo! I found again, what I had long known, that the people would differ in their [95] opinions. Thence into Hampshire, and from there I returned home. I was absent four weeks, preached twenty-nine times, and walked upwards of an hundred miles, the most of the distance in snow and mud.

      I now commenced teaching school, a term of three months. During which time, I preached frequently in the neighborhood--at Hottel's school house. Squire Hottel tried to prevent me from preaching there, and disturbed the congregation; but did not accomplish his purpose.

      About the last of February my school expired, and my family was received, for a time, at my father-in-law's. I preached frequently in the neighborhood, and baptized some, and a few professed religion.

      April 14th, 1816, I went on my way, directing my course to Maryland. In Martinsburg and in Shepherdstown, in Virginia. For Sharpsburg, Stone meeting house, Funkstown, Hagerstown in Maryland I preached to large congregations. Thence I returned to my father-in-law's, on the same route, and found my family well.

      In this journey I was absent thirteen days, had preached sixteen times, and walked upwards of one hundred miles. I felt joyful in spreading the gospel, while many seemed to feel its power. [96] And though I endured some difficulties, my soul triumphed in the God of my salvation.

      April 29th, I directed my course towards the Northern hills. I preached at the Round hills, at brother Hawkin's on North river, Park's Valley, Forks of Capon, at Sandy ridge, brother Hull's, brother T. Nesmith's, three times in Jarrettstown and in Bucklestown; where a Methodists preacher, in his sermon ridiculed me, and though I was present, he told the people I was ignorant, superstitious, enthusiastic, &c., and that they ought not to bear me preach. The people did not take this for gospel. Thence I returned to my family. I had been absent fifteen days, preached seventeen times, suffered some necessity and persecution, and saw some joyful prospects of the work of the Lord.

      May 14th, I directed my course up the country, I was absent twenty-four days, preached thirty-two times, baptized three young converts, who professed religion under my ministry, and walked about one hundred and sixty miles.

      Thence I preached in a number of places in Frederick and Shenandoah counties, and baptized five, who had lately professed religion, near my father-in-law's.

      On the 10th of July I purchased a horse, as I [97] had found in [sic] impracticable to convey my books, which I had printed, on foot.

      July 13th, I directed my course for Philadelphia. On my way I preached at Jarrettstown, Bunkershill, Bucklestown, Martinsburg, and Shepherdstown, Va. In Sharpsburg Stone meeting house, Funkstown, and other places in Maryland. Thence in several places to Philadelphia. In the city I preached several times. The Christian brethren now have a spacious and decent brick meeting house on Christian street. Thence to the Great Valley, and from there to Delaware, near Wilmington, where I met with two of my gospel children, not known to me before. They were born of God five years ago, and are yet faithful and zealous in the cause.

      Thence near Newport, Christiana, Newark, &c., and returned to Philadelphia. I preached several times, and administered the Lord's Supper to the brethren, in Mount Zion meeting house.

      Thence I returned, and arrived where my family dwelt, on the 6th of September; found my children in health, but my wife was in a sickly state.

      In this journey I was absent about seven weeks, had traveled about 700 miles, and preached fifty-one times. I saw some good attend my labors-- [98] met with some severe trials--suffered persecution and distress, and was enabled to glory in tribulation.

      About this time, having a notion of removing my family to the State of Ohio, my brother-in-law, Jacob Little, having the same intention, we made a sale of our property. I then went into Maryland, by special request, and preached at Antitem Iron works, and at Keedy's meeting house, &c., and returned in five days, having preached eleven times.

      About the 15th of September, Jacob Little started for the West, taking my things, which I had reserved for house keeping, with him. I intended to follow him, with my family, when I should return from another journey.

      September 29th, 1816, I started with my family, in a little carriage, for the Western parts of Virginia. I preached in Stoverstown, Woodstock, Mount Pleasant, New Market, Harrisonburgh, Staunton, brother Menga's, Pattonsburg, Cop's, Fincastle, Salem, Montgomery Court house, Newbern, Pea creek, and at Nythe Court house, where some of the rable [sic] stole my carriage, run it half a mile out of town, and left it standing in a man's yard. I then went into Grayson count, and preached in different places. [99]

      Almost five years before this time, I had, while living in North Carolina, endorsed a note of seventy-five dollars, for my brother Jacob, which I thought, and had understood, had been paid long since, having passed several transfers, was here presented to me for payment. I immediately paid it. This was a hard stroke.

      Thence I returned nearly on the same route, until I arrived at my father-in-law's. In this journey I was absent about seven weeks, preached forty times, met with some hard trials, and traveled about seven hundred miles.

      I now was informed that my brother Jacob had been here, and had sold my note, which he held against me, to D. Faucett, and that the man expected immediate payment! Alas! thought I, this is surely the climax of infidelity, and of injustice.

      Now all my calculations and arrangements were frustrated. I went to see the owner of the note, and found that it was transferred to Col. J. Gilkeson, who was kind to me, in this case, by waiting six months for payment. I now could not go on to the West, as I intended in consequence of this debt. I had sold out, and sent to the West, my household property, and had nothing wherewith to keep house. [100]

      Previous to this, D. Hess, of Maryland, had invited me to bring my family to his house, that I might preach the more in his region; but at that time I thought it would not suit my arrangements. Now to comply with his request, was the only opening that I could see Providence had made for me.

      December 2d, I arrived with my family at my friend D. Hess's in Washington county, Maryland. We were received with affection, and treated with great hostility [sic] and kindnes. [sic] For which I hope to feel ever grateful to him and his family; and pray that they may be amply rewarded in the great day of retribution.

      I left my family at D. Hess's, and continued to preach in different parts of Maryland--into Baltimore several times; and several times in different places in Virginia, until the 27th of March, 1817. Within this time I preached seventy-four times, and traveled about seven hundred miles. I met with many oppositions and persecutions from the Sectarians, whose interest it was to put me down. During this time I sold a great many Hymn books, sermons, and the "Pilgrim's Muse," which I had printed.

      March 17th, 1817, my wife brought forth a son, and we named him Lorenzo. [101]

      March 27th, 1817, I went on my way, directing my course for the Western country. I preached at my father-in-law's, in Frederick county, Va.

      Thence in Stoverstown, Wooodstock, [sic] Mount Pleasant, New Market, Harrisonburg, Staunton, Menga's. Thence I traveled all day in the rain. After night, I put up in a disagreeable cabin, where I found no bed, had nothing to eat, tied my horse to a bush, where he remained till morning. At Pattonsburg, Cop's, Fincastle, Salem, Montgomery Court house, Newbern, Sauncer's on New river, in different places in Grayson county, Wythe Court house, where a man passed a twenty dollar counterfeit note on me, which I had afterwards crossed in the bank of Philadelphia.

      Thence at different places in Abington, and on to Bean's Station, in Tennessee. Large congregations generally attended, and in some places I saw the work of the Lord prosper, and thought the Lord was with me.

      Thence I took the Kentucky road; crossed Clinch mountain and Clinch river, and lay all night on the bank. Here commences a lonesome and extensive wilderness, with here and there a cabin, to take the traveler's money. Passed Tazewell Court house, Powel's river, Cumberland Cape,--a dreary, rugged and desolate part [102] of the world. A suitable residence, only for the venturous hawk, or the more lofty soaring eagle.

      O! the sublimity of nature's works. What tremenduous [sic] confusion seems to spread along the distant wild. A thundergust came up. O! what majestic rumbling in the mountain forest. I called at a little hut, on Yellow creek. A mighty hail came on. I came on to Lexington in Kentucky, where I hoped to meet with friends and brethren; but by the influence of R. Dooly, my way was straightened, and my former friends treated me coolly. Thence I went on to Cane ridge, and attended a meeting of the Christian brethren, at Concord, where I wished to have the difficulties settled, but charges not being provable, the matter remained where it had been. From the conduct or the brethren, with many of whom I had formerly enjoyed many happy seasons, and had parted from them in christian fellowship, I was left astonished at the instability and uncertainty of mortal's friendship. I was rejected on the ground of vile and foundless slander.

      I found a friend in Dr. Mitchell, and in a few others.

      May 8th, as I was making my way to Maysville, in a large forest, the top of a dead tree broke, and fell so sudden, that my creature being [103] much frightened, suddenly wheeled round and throw me, but a little distance from the ponderous limbs, which otherwise would have crushed me to death. I was somewhat hurt by the fall, but felt unspeakably thankful that my life was preserved. I crossed the Ohio river, at Maysville. I preached in different places in Ohio, and came and held meeting at my brother Griffith's, and at my brother-in-law's, Jacob Little's, in Green county. Thence I preached in different places in the States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, till I arrived where my family dwelt, which was on the 20th of May, 1817.

      In this journey, I was absent about sixty days, traveled upwards of 1,400 miles, preached forty-seven times, expended forty-seven dollars, and had two dollars and seventy-five cents given me. I met with necessities, hard trials, and much persecution, and was sometimes greatly dejected in my mind, and disgusted at the deception and treachery of many professors of religion.

      June 9th, I and my family took our leave of our dear and kind friends in Maryland, and on the 12th, I arrived it my father-in-law's, in Frederick county. Va. I left my family here, and in a few days directed my course for Maryland.

      I preached in Battletown, Charlestown, and [104] at Harper's Ferry, in Virginia. In Pleasant Valley, Middletown, Frederickstown, New Market, Popular Springs, New Lisbon, Hiettstown, Clarksburg, and Baltimore, in Maryland. I returned on the same route, and arrived at my father-in-law's on the 17th of July.

      In this journey I was absent twenty-eight days, traveled about three hundred miles, and preached twenty-nine times. Congregations were generally so large that we frequently had to sit in the woods. I saw great success, in some places, attend my labors, and felt glad that priest craft was weakening, and that creeds and confessions were losing their influence.

      I preached several times in the neighborhood, and thence on Back creek, at Gonotown, Nesmith's, Hull's, C.'s, L.'s, Forks of Capon, Sandy Ridge meeting house, Park Valley; at Sandy Ridge again, where I organized a church. Thence I returned to my father-in-law's and found my family well.

      In this journey I was absent seven days, traveled about one hundred miles, and preached thirteen times; suffered some necessity, and saw and felt some joyful seasons of the love of God. It was not uncommon, when the people knew where I put up, for them to come in at night, and [105] fill the house, expecting to hear something from me!

      July 30th, I started for the Western country, accompanied by D. Hess, of Maryland. I went through different parts of the State of Ohio, as far back as Mad-river, and the Great Miami. I purchased eighty acres of improved land, of James Love in Rush creek, a few miles from, the town of Rushville, in Fairfield county, for which I was to pay eight hundred dollars. I paid him four hundred dollars in hand. The balance was to be paid, one hundred dollars annually; commencing in twelve months after the ensuing April. I returned to my father-in-law's the 27th of August, having been absent four weeks--traveled abut [sic] nine hundred miles, and preached seventeen times--many incidents I omit.

      September 4th, I directed my course up the country. I preached at Stoverstown, S. Hickle's, Narrow Passage, Biddle's, Hickle's school house, Mount Pleasant, New Market, and on Smith's creek, in Rockingham county. Here I organized a church. Thence I returned on the same route, and arrived at my father-in-law's. I was absent sixteen days, traveled a hundred and forty miles, and preached eighteen times. I met with some persecution--saw some melting effects of the [106] word preached among the people--had some trials and temptations, and had grace given to console and deliver me.

      I must for the present, bring this compend of my travels to a close; necessarily leaving out several years of my life. Though in this space of time, I have passed through some of the most severe and important trials, and remarkable circumstances that have occured [sic] during my days.

[LTGL 7-107]