"Helvetiis esse in animo"
in animo esse to have in mind, intend
= that the Helvetians were intending
"iter in Santonum fines
facere"
iter, itineris n. way, march
iter facere = to march
"finibus"
fines (pur. m.) territory, region
"absunt"
abesse to be distant from
"fieret"
fio, fieri, factum to happen
(if that should happen...)
"intellegebat"
intellego, -ere, -lexi, -lectum to understand, know
"futurum [esse]"
future active participle
with esse understood = future active infinitive, going
to be
"ut [provincia understood]...
haberet"
that [the province] should have warlike people ...
"bellicosos"
bellicosus, -a, um warlike
"inimicos"
inimicus, -a, -um hostile
inimicus, -i m. (personal) enemy
"patentibus"
patens, patentis open (to attack), exposed (without
natural barrieres)
"maximeque"
maxime superlative adv. of magnus very greatly
"frumentariis"
frumentarius, -a, um productive (of grain)
"finitimos"
finitimus, -a, -um bordering, adjoining
finitimi, -orum m. pl. neighbors, neighboring people
"haberet"
would have verb of the ut-clause that
[the province] would have
in English translation = to have
"Ob"
ob (with acc.)
prep. on account of, because of
"legatum"
legatus, -i m. envoy
(as army rank: lieutenant, lieutenant-general)
"praeficit"
praeficio, -ere, feci to place in charge of
(lit. to put before)
"ei munitioni"
munitio, ionis f. fortification
= [he placed in charge] of that (is, ea, id) fortification
(Latin uses the dative with praeficio)
"contendit"
contendo, -endere, tendit to hasten
"ibi"
there
"magnis itineribus"
with, by, long marches
"conscribit "
conscribo, -ere,-ipse to enroll, levy, enlist
"circum"
prep. with acc. around, in the vicinity
of
"hiemabant"
himeo, -himeare, himeavi to spend the wenter,
be in winter quarters
"hibernis"
hiberna, hibernorum n. pl. winter quarters
"quâ [viâ]"
where, lit by which way
the whole clause literally: and where (qua) the route
was closest to farther Gaul through the Alpes
"proximum"
proximus, -a, um closest
"iter"
iter, itineris n. way, march, route
"ire"
eo, ire, ivi to go, march
"ulteriorem Galliam"
ulterior Gallia farther Gaul
"locis superioribus occupatis"
abl. absolute: the higher positions having been seized
"prohibere"
prohibeo, prohibêre, -ui to hinder, prevent from
"conantur"
conor, conari, conatum to attempt, try
"Compluribus his proeliis pulsis"
abl. abs. these having been repelled in several engagements
complures, ium several
"oppidum citerioris
provinciae extremum"
extremus, -a, -um farthest
= the most distant town of the nearer province
"citerior"
citerior, ius on this side, nearer
"ulterioris provinciae"
ulterior, -ius farthest, latest, greatest
"die septimo"
abl. of time on the seventh day
dies, diei m. day
"pervenit"
pervenio, -ire, -veni pass through to, arrive
"Hi"
pl. nom. of hic, haec, hoc these [tribes]
"extra"
prep. with acc. beyond outside of
"trans"
prep. with acc. across
"sunt extra
provinciam trans Rhodanum primi"
"angustias"
angustiae, -arum [viae]
the narrow passages
"copias"
copiae, -arum f. troops
"traduxerant"
traduco, -ere,-duxi to lead across
"populabantur"
populor, -ari, -atum deponens to devestate,
ravage
"se suaque"
reflex. pron themselves and their own things
(possessions)
"possent"
subj. dependent on the preceeding cum
"rogatum auxilium"
rogo, rogare (1) to ask
rogatum here: supine (acc.) , used with verbs of motion to express
purpose
= asking for help
"conspectu"
conspectus, conspectûs m. sight
"vastari"
pass. inf. of vasto, -are (1) to lay waste, devastate
"liberi"
liberi, -orum m. pl. children
" ut paene in conspectu
exercitûs nostri agri vastari "
that almost within sight of our army the fields [should not have
been] devestated
"servitutem"
servitus, -tutis slavery
"abduci"
pass. inf. abduco, -ere, -xi,-tum to lead away
"expugnari"
pass. infinitive expugno, -are (1)
assault, storm, conquer pass.: to be taken by
assault
"debuerint"
debeo, -êre, debui, debitum ought
this is the verb of the ut-clause
"necessarii"
necessarii, -orum pl. m. friends
"consanguinei"
consanguineus, -ei m.& f. kinsman
"Eodem tempore quo"
abl. of time: at the same tame at which
"sese"
subject acc. of indirect speech (reflex. pron.):
themselves
"depopulatis"
depopulo, -are 1 to devestate
"certiorem faciunt"
quemquam certiorem facere lit. to make someone
more certain, = to inform someone
"prohibere"
prohibeo, -êre, -ui, -itum
to prevent, keep from
"possessionesque"
possession -onis f. possession
"demonstrant"
demonstro, -are 1 to explain, mention, demonstrate
"sibi"
dative of reflex. pron.
"praeter"
prep. with acc. except, besides
"agri solum"
ager, agri m. field, land
solum, -i n. soil
= [except/praeter] the soil of their land
"fuga se ad Caesarem recipiunt"
se fugâ recipere (recipere, recipio, recepi, receptum)
= to flee ( lit. to take themselves back by flight)
"nihil (subj. acc. of indirect speech)
esse [sibi] reliqui"
= [they explained] that nothing had been left to them,
that they had nothing left
reliquo, -ere, reliqui, relictum passive: . to be left, remain
"Quibus rebus adductus"
adduco, -ere induce, influence
= influenced by these things
"Caesar non expectandum
[esse] sibi statuit"
expectandum [esse alicui] fut. pass. periphrastic conjug.
(gerundive and forms of esse) expressing necessity, obligation
= Caesar decided that he must/should not wait
statuo, -ere, ui, -utum decide
"dum omnibus fortunis sociorum consumptis"
abl. abs. = until everything that the allies had should have
been destroyed
fortuna,"fortuna, -ae f. here:
property
"socius"
socius, -ii m. associate, companion; ally
associate, companion; ally