"Flumen"
flumen, -inis n. river
"there is a river ..."
"Arar"
the river called Arar (now Saône)
"fines"
finis, -is m. border; plural: territory,
country
"influit"
influo, -ere, fluxi to flow into
"oculis"
instrumental abl. with the eyes
"utram"
uter, utra, utrum which (of two)
"partem"
pars, partis f. part, direction
"fluat"
fluo, -ere, fluxi, fluxum to flow
"iudicari"
iudico, -are, 1 to judge, determine
"incredibili lenitate"
descriptive abl. of incredible sluggishness
"lintribus"
linter, lintris f. boat
"iunctis"
iungo, -ere, -xi, -iunctum to join
"transibant"
transeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum to cross
"exploratores"
explorator, -ris m. scout
"copiarum"
copiae, -arum f. troops
"certior factus est"
aliquem certiorem facere to inform someone
"traduxisse"
traduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductum to lead across, bring across
"citra"
citra with acc. this side of
"[citra] Ararim"
this sind of the Arar
"quartam fere partem"
almost the fourth part
fere almost
"castris"
castra, -orum n. camp
"profectus"
proficiscor, profectum to set out
"reliquam esse"
reliquus, -a, um remaining
"de tertia vigilia"
= shortly (Caesar uses de this way) after the third watch
"pervenit"
pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum come, arrive, reach
"transierat"
transire, -eo, -ivi, -itum to cross
"ad eam partem"
= to that group of the Helvetians
"impeditos"
imnpeditus, -a, um hindered
"inopinantes"
inopinans, -antis surprised
"adgressus"
adgredior, -i, adgressum attack
"concidit"
concido, -cido, -cisi, cisum cut to pieces,
kill
"Eos impeditos et inopinantes
adgressus "
= having attacked those hampered and surprised people
"reliqui"
reliquus, -a, um remaining
"sese"
= se reflex. pronound (here acc.)
"proximas"
proximus, -a, um next, nearest
"silvas"
silva, ae f. woods, forrest
"abdiderunt"
abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditum to remove, put away,
hide, conceal
"fugae mandarunt"
lit. they committed themselves to flight
mando, -are 1 to committ, entrust
"pagus"
pagus, -i m. (Swiss) canton (territorial division), county
"appellabatur"
appello, -are 1 to name, call
"divisa est"
divido, -ere, -visi, -visum to divide
"unus"
here: the only one, alone
Lucius Cassius Longinus, praetor 111 B.C. When consul, 107 B.C., he engaged in battle with the Tigurians in the territory of the Allobroges, and was defeated and slain
"cum domo exisset"
= when [that canton] had left home
domô abl. of place from
home
exire, -eo to go out, leave
"patrum nostrorum memoria"
lit. within the memory of our fathers =
not so long ago (historically speaking)
Cassius was killed by the Tigurians in 107 B.C. The present
events are taking place in 58 B.C.
"interfecerat"
interficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum to kill
"iugum"
iugum, -i n. yoke
A defeated army was forced to march under a yoke made of three spears
in the form of a gate (two spears placed upright with one horizontally
above the two). This was an act of utter humiliation and defeat.
"sive"
sive ... sive whether...or
"consilio"
consilium, -ii n. plan, design
"immortalium"
immortalis, -e immortal
"quae pars"
which part = the part which ...
"insignem"
insignis, -e notable, considerable
"calamitatem"
calamitas, -atis f. disaster
"intulerat"
infero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum cause, bring in, inflict
"ea [pars]"
that [part of the Helvetians]
"princeps"
princeps, -ipis first
"poenam persolvit"
poenas persolvere to pay the penalty
poena, -ae f. penalty
persolvo, -ere, -solvi, -solvum to pay
"publicas"
publicus, -a, -um public
"privatas"
privatus, -a, um private
"iniurias"
inuria, -ae f. injury, offence
"Qua in re"
= in qua re in which matter
res, rei f. thing, matter
"non solum"
not only
solum adv.
"ultus est"
ulciscor, -i, ultus sum to avenge
"soceri L. Pisonis "
socerus, -i m. father in law
"eodem proelio"
in the same battle
idem, eadem, idem same
proelium, -ii n. battle
"interfecerant"
interficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum to kill
"consequi"
consequor, -sequi, -secutus sum to pursue
"Hoc proelio facto"
abl. abs. after this battle had taken place
"traducit"
traduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductum to lead, bring, across
"pontem in Arari faciendum curat"
curo, curare 1 arrange, see to, take care
of
faciendum gerundive lit. he arranged
a bridge to be made in the Arar = he had a bridge built
"repentino"
unexpected, suddenly
"adventu"
adventus, -ûs m. arrival
"commoti"
commoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum agitate, disturbe
(agitated by his sudden arrival)
"aegerrime"
superlative of the adv. aegre scarcely, with
difficulty = with the greatest difficulty
"confecerant"
conficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum to accomplish
"illum uno die fecisse intellegerent"
subj. acc. lit. when they understood him
to have done in one day = when they realized that he had done in
one day
"legationis"
legatio, -onis f. embassy, mission
"princeps"
princeps, -ipis leader, first man
"bello Cassiano"
abl. in the war with Cassius
Lucius Cassius Longinus, praetor 111 B.C. When consul, 107 B.C.,
he engaged in battle with the Tigurians in the territory of the Allobroges,
and was defeated and slain.
"egit"
ago, agere, egi, actum to do, deal, treat
= he dealt thus with Caesar
"in eam partem ituros [esse] atque ibi futuros [esse]
Helvetios"
subj. acc. of ind. speech with future inf.
=that the Helvetians would go into that region and stay there
"ibi" there
"ubi eos Caesar constituisset atque esse voluisset"
= [the place] where Caesar had assigned them and wanted them to stay
"consstituisset"
constituo, -ere, -stitui, -stitutum appoint, decree, decide
"persequi"
persequi, -sequor, -secutus deponent
v. pursue
persequi bello (instrumental abl.) to pursue with war
"perseveraret"
persevero, perseverare 1 to persist,
continue
"reminisceretur"
reminiscor, -nisci to remember (with obj. in genetive)
"veteris"
vetus, -eris adj. old
"incommodi"
incommodum, -i n. dissaster
"pristinae"
pristinus, -a, -um ancient
"virtutis"
virtus, -tutis valor, courage, excellence
"improviso"
adv. unforeseen, unexpected
"quod"
A substantive clause introduced by quod meaning the fact
that, that
= the fact that he had attacked one canton unexpectedly
"adortus esset"
adorior, -oriri, -ortus sum dep. assail,
attack
"cum ii"
cum conj. when
= when those who
"suis"
dat. of suus, -a, -um to their own people
"virtuti"
virtus, -tutis f. courage, bravery
"auxilium ferre"
to bring help, assistance
"ob eam rem"
ob prep. with acc. on account of, because of
= on account of that matter, because of that
"tribueret"
tribuo, -ere, -tribui, -tributum to attribute
"despiceret"
despicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum to despise
"maioribusque"
maiores, -um m. ancestors
"didicisse"
disco, discere, didici to learn
"magis"
adv. rather, instead, more
"contenderent "
contendo, -ere, -di to fight
"dolo"
dolum, -i n. trick, cunning, deceit
"insidiis"
insidiae, -arum f. treachery
"niterentur"
nitor, niti, nixus sum deponent to rely
"Quare"
conj. wherefore, for this reason
"committeret"
committo, -ere, -misi, -missum to cause, bring
together, commit
jussive = therefore let him not cause ....
" is locus"
= that (particular) place
"ubi constitissent"
= where they should have taken their stand (i.e. to fight)
constituo, -ere, -stitui, stitutum stand, make a stand
"calamitate"
calamitas, -tatis f. disaster
"internecione"
internecio, -nis slaughter, massacre
"nomen caperet"
= should get its name from (ex) the disaster ...
capio, capere, cepi, captum
"memoriam proderet"
prodo, -dere, -didi, -ditum to hand
on, pass on
memoriam prodere to transmit the memory [of an event
to posterity]