I am confident that in proportion to their numbers the Churches of Canada have done far more than the Churches of the United States, to send laborers into the mission fields."--Robert M. Hopkins (address in March, 1942).

      We have long occupied a considerable place in world-wide missions. Various sons and daughters of Canada have in secret heard Christ's call and answered it by dedicating their talents and their lives in many global areas. The Disciples of Christ have stations in five continents, with missionaries numbering into the hundreds. In their ranks, Canada has been privileged to have distinguished servants of the Lord in Africa, China, India, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, Tibet and the isles of the seas. Canadians too, have led in far-sighted vision to recognize and assert that world-wide Missions is the chief project of the One who died on a Cross. And so the white fields of the East have had Canadian sons and daughters, who have become educators, doctors, nurses, teachers, evangelists or preachers of the eternal gospel. At present writing the list numbers thirty-four. The output of missionaries from some churches and one area, has been phenomenal. Yet no one can say that we have done what we might have done.

      In the following pages, something is written of each one who is, or has been, in the service of the following agencies: the Foreign Christian Missionary Society (organized in 1875), the Christian Women's Board of Missions, (1874), and the amalgamated Society joining their abilities jointly in 1919--the United Christian Missionary Society.

      Canada has the right to distinguish amongst some of our fallen leaders the fact that in the cause of Missions, no two names scarcely can be higher than those of (1) Archibald McLean, of Prince Edward Island, and (2) Charles T. Paul, of Ontario. The first became for the whole Brotherhood of Disciples a veritable apostle of Missions; and the second had the vision to begin the development of adequate training for the missionaries before they were commissioned. This he did by the College of Missions, in 1910.

      Our churches which have been so fortunate as to share the experience of young lives first directed to service abroad-these treasures the fact, and their names are held as praiseworthy in their home churches. [256] Where one has fallen, after brief or long career, that name is held in sacred memory and affection.

      The list here presented is correct to date, but it is growing and will need revision. What is presented of each is only what is available, and in all cases it is worth knowing.

      ARCHIE A. ALLAN. He was born in Manitoba, his home church being Riding Mountain. Was educated at McMaster University, Toronto, and Transylvania, at Lexington, Ky. attaining degrees of B.A. and B.D. He had ministries with Churches of Christ at St. James, Man., Williamsville, N.Y. and Millersburg, Ky. Served one year as Principal of College of Churches of Christ, Inc., Toronto. He was appointed to Jamaica on January 1, 1944, Where, with his wife (Ruth Sinclair Allan) he is trying to develop in several related villages, life under a co-operative plan. Amidst the poverty, illiteracy, and degradation of the society there that is terribly backward, the Allans are to reveal to a needy people a higher standard of living, with the inclusion of Christian morals and spiritual religion.

      Eventually, a Christian college, it is hoped, can be introduced where at present there is nothing beyond High School. The Allans brought inspiration to the home churches in their visit, 1947.

      RUTH SINCLAIR (Allan). Born in Toronto and educated there. Member of Hillcrest Church of Christ and its 'living link' since January 1944, when she went with her husband, Archie A. Allan, to Jamaica. Three children have been born to them: Barbara, Betty Lou and Donald. Her work is assistant to her husband in demonstrating Christianity as having a social product-the home.

      MRS. SEARLE BATES. Lilliath Robions was born near Digby, N.S.; was educated in and lived in Boston, Mass. Appointed to Ginling College, China and met and married Dr. Searle Bates in 1923. His work was on the staff of Nanking University. During occupation by the Napanese from 1937 on he was an invaluable intermediary and secured freedom and destruction of property by the invaders. In the second war he and Mrs. Bates with others were evacuated but have returned to their tasks.

      JAMES BUTCHART, M.D. Born in Middlesex Co., Ont., 1866. Educated as a teacher, afterwards for medicine in Cincinnati, O. and New York city, where he became the medallist of his year. He became a specialist in eye, nose and throat in 1889. Was associated with Dr. Macklin [257] in Nanking for three years from 1891. In 1896 he was associated with T. J. Arnold in opening up interior Lucheofu as a station. He opened a dispensary and operated it, beginning in 1895, against great opposition and abuse from the populace. He began to break down prejudice owing to a successful operation for hernia on a patient given up to die by the Chinese. A $5,000 hospital (60 beds) was dedicated in December, 1902. Its work grew from first year treatments of 2,560 to 33,180 in its ninth year. (1912). He married Nellie Daugherty, a missionary on the field. Their children were James Baird (now M.D.), Harvie (now Ph.D.) Helen (deceased) and Ruth, in social service. The mission developed a church school for Boys and Girls. Dr. Butchart served three years in the medical school and hospital connected with Nanking University. He became one of China's most skilful surgeons; the people regarded him as a miracle-worker. Under the Butcharts the station greatly developed as a missionary centre. Of him A. McLean said in his History of the F.C.M.S. "His reputation as a physician was of the highest Christian type, second to none". Death came in February, 1916, after 25 years of service. After his death, Mrs. Butchart remained a year teaching a school and was deceased in May, 1940.

      MRS. DAVID BYERLEE. As Victoria Care she was born in Illinois and there educated. Served as singer in Western Canadian evangelism under A.C.M.S., 1905, and onwards. Member of Milestone church, Saskatchewan. Went to Africa with her husband, David Byerlee in 1920 and served on that field.

      LOUISE CORY. Was born in a minister's home in Montana; after death of her parents she lived with her aunt, Mrs. M. V. Romig, in Portage LaPrairie. Graduated from Butler University and from College of Missions. In 1921 appointed to China and served two years in the music department of Nanking University as teacher. Married Mr. Hugh B. Kilgour in 1923. They have two children, Mary Louise and James.

      MRS. ROBERT A. DOAN. Mary Frances Lediard, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Lediard, of Hillsburg, Ontario, was born in a minister's home, where the affairs of the church were always top matters. Her mother was an early leader in W.M.S. activities in Ontario. A sister, Miss Ella, also became a missionary. Mary Lediard graduated from schools that fitted her for teaching in her native province: Model, then Normal, of Toronto, from which she graduated in 1904. Taught a year before accepting the call of the Foreign Society to go to Tokyo to teach in the Margaret K. Long School for girls. She taught there fourteen years and had [258] evangelistic service at Akita during 1919-1923. During 1937-39 she was co-operator with Toyohiko Kagawa, the celebrated Japanese Christian. In the year 1923, she married Mr. R. A. Doan, then eminent in world missions and since deceased. During these long years in the Orient her convictions were strengthened and her experience ripened. Thus, quite naturally, she became the inevitable choice of the United Society in need of a vice-president; and in January, 1940, the highest office of the Brotherhood open to a woman became hers, wherein she is serving with distinction.

      EMMA J. ENNIS. Born in Muskoka, Ontario. After educational preparation she was appointed to India where she served with distinction as director of the Burgess Memorial Girls' School, Bilaspur, C.P., 1909 to 1943. Was awarded the Kaiser i-hand medal for her service. Now retired, living in her home Bracebridge, or in Toronto. Is a student there at the School of Missions and is active in missionary educational work.

      HENRY FONGER. Born in Lobo township, Ontario. Appointed to serve in the Philippines by the U.C.M.S. in 1923, did so, to 1934. From then attached to the American Bible. Society, until taken prisoner by Japanese. Was interned, with wife and son (the latter died.) Released in late 1945 and returned to Bible Society work.

      DR. ALFRED G. HENDERSON AND MRS. HENDERSON. He was a Winnipeg boy and baptized in Home St. Church of Christ (Disciples) by H. B. Kilgour. Under this Christian influence he was directed toward a career and chose medicine. He graduated from the medical faculty of University of Manitoba. He married Allison Jamieson, ('Jamie' for short in our history) who had been trained as a public health nurse. This union worked around to a missionary career. They took training at the School of Missions, Toronto in 1938-40 and following that received a course in tropical medicine at New Orleans. On February 7, 1941, they were ordained as missionaries in Indianapolis, and assigned to the Belgian Congo for the purpose, first, of releasing for a furlough Dr. and Mrs. Jaggard. On March 23, 1941 they sailed from Baltimore, Md. on the "ZamZam" for their field. Their ship was sunk by enemy action en route in May, 1941. Fortunately, after much peril they escaped in a lifeboat and were taken by the Germans to occupied France. Here Mrs. Henderson was separated from her husband and sent to Berlin, where she had a free but restricted life, finally being repatriated in June, 1942. Dr. A. G. Henderson served as medical doctor in a large interment camp, a service that helped him also to bear his trial and loss. In November, 1943, he with others escaped to [259] Switzerland and was assisted by the U.C.M.S. to get home. He arrived in Halifax in November 1944, and the couple immediately prepared to attempt to go their field. During the waiting period friends in the home churches did much by prayer, messages, and other help to mediate the disaster to these brave and consecrated people. A fund was raised by Canadian churches for their support while abroad. In the late summer, 1945, these intrepid missionaries reached their field of service. On December 13, a son was born to them. There for the present we must leave them at Monieka, Belgian Congo.

      ELLA LEDIARD. Born in Owen Sound, Ont. and there educated. Received appointment to China under board of United Church of Canada in 1916. During the second war, was on furlough due to evacuation. A sister of Mrs. R. A. Doan.

      MISS JESSIE LAW, R.N. Out of the fold of the Central Christian Church, Vancouver, B.C. on January 12, 1946 she stepped forth into the world-wide fellowship for the Master in foreign medical service. An impressive consecration service occurred, in which her part was suggestive of her high sense of duty. She has been assigned as a nurse in the Mexican mission at Aguascalientes.

      ARCHIBALD McLEAN. He was born on Graham's Road, P.E.I. on September 6, 1849. Learned to build carriages, but entered Bethany College in 1870 and on graduation was called to the ministry, his first and only pastorate being that of Mt. Healthy, O. during which time he was asked to become secretary of the new Foreign Christian Missionary Society in 1882. For a time he carried on two jobs with success; but largely due to the costly energy and vision of A. McLean that Society became under God a very great instrument for the spread of Christianity in the East. His story cannot be told in a few words. "The Life and Labors of Archibald McLean" by W. R. Warren (1922) is a book to read for inspiration. The Disciples of Canada over fifty years of age have reason to remember A. McLean because of the flaming energy of his platform talks for 'Missions'. Nothing else in our history equals that force. The Society became a part of our Movement and its work in five continents, with millions invested was the great visible proof of the inspiration of A. McLean for his Master, Jesus Christ. He has been spoken of as an 'Apostle' of Christ and those who knew him intimately verify this. He was a preacher of the gospel who seemed to first see distinctly the unknown unwon millions in the East. He was called suddenly home in a hospital on December 15, 1920 and a million Christian [260] people mourned his going. He was buried in his beloved Bethany, of which College he had been for a time its fourth president. This fact is first recorded on the bronze plate upon his memorial stone at Bethany, which also relates that for "thirty-nine years he was chief executive of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society. In the entire history of the Society every missionary sent to non-Christian lands was commissioned by his hand. Leader in the organization of the United Christian Missionary Society. A prophet who aroused a million Christians to their missionary responsibility; a Teacher who led a million souls into closer fellowship with God; a man who asked nothing for himself and received the unbounded love of his brethren." (Thus while A. McLean was not a missionary he was more; he inspired many to become missionaries.)

      JAMES P. McLEOD. Bro. McLeod was born in Bruce County, Ontario, and educated for the ministry at Bethany and Lexington. He has had a long ministerial service and among his recent pastorates are Everton, Windsor, Owen Sound, and Vancouver, B.C. (Indeed 1947 sees him in interim work with the Halifax church.) In 1910 he was appointed by the C.W.B.M. to India, and served in evangelism at Jubbulpore for a term, but did not return. His knowledge of India has been at the service of our churches ever since. He has a scholarly record and knows our history as do few. In his province he has had an honored place, and was president of the Co-operation for a term.

      RODERICK A. McLEOD. Born in Prince Edward Island. Graduate of Butler and Yale School of Religion and student in College of Missions, as was also Mrs. McLeod, who was a graduate of Shurtleff College. They were appointed to Tibet as their field and reached Batang on January 24, 1918, and served faithfully in their difficult task. A daughter Flora was born to them. They were evacuated owing to conditions prevalent in 1927, and reached their home land only after thrilling experiences.

      NEIL MacLEOD. Here was another P.E. Island boy attracted to the mission field. In 1896, he had graduated from Bethany College and preached some in Ohio and Indiana. There he married Lida Davies, but she lived but a short time. He volunteered for foreign service and was assigned to Jamaica. His sister Florence, not caring to see him go alone, went with him to Jamaica, and though never a missionary or paid, visited and helped. She was provided with a pony and saddle. They spent a happy time in such service and in 1899 returned to the home churches to tell them of it. During his furlough Mr. MacLeod married Lois White, who was secretary [261] of the C.W.B.M. for years and widely known. A happy period of service again on the field occurred, but was too early cut short by Bro. MacLeod's death from (probably) fever. His grave is by the King's Gate church. Two years later Mrs. MacLeod returned to her home in Ohio. Of her husband, president McLean spoke with reverence and gratitude for his high character and service. The Allans, of Toronto, now are on this Jamaica venture for Christ's kingdom.

      W. E. MACKLIN, M.D. Born in Lobo Township, Ontario in May, 1860. His home church Poplar Hill. Graduated in medicine from Toronto Medical College in 1880 and practised in Poplar Hill for four years, during which time he was ordained to the ministry by Archibald Sinclair of Poplar Hill (which see.) He learned of needs in mission fields through the Christian Standard and offered to go to Japan, but on investigation recommended China as the more needy. Took a brilliant post graduate training in New York and became a fine surgeon. Began in China January 1886. Whilst studying the language he developed some effective evangelism. Wherever he saw a need, either social, material or physical, he was sympathetic. He was the constant friend of the poor and dying in that backward land. Ignorance and prejudice were great obstacles. To combat this he began translating religious tracts and books, and other books to open the way for a better life. Dr. Macklin was a great 'mixer' and his native shrewdness made a way for him. In his contacts in Japan he had met Dorothy Delaney, sister-in-law of C. E. Garst, and he married her. During the Boxer rebellion the missionaries were in great danger, but they stayed. In the later Revolution Dr. Macklin and two other heads of Nanking University were the virtual saviors of Nanking through persuading the attacking general to avoid needless loss. He established a native church as well as Drum Tower Hospital; and his character won him respect of the government. The school he began developed into a college and became part of the Union University of Nanking, and there he served also. Dr. Butchart was associated for three or four years at first and shared in the teaching in the University. At first scorned and stoned, in time the residents honored him and referred to him in passing as 'Jesus Christ' (which reveals a degree of what humanity is capable of doing.) Dr. Macklin retired in America, after giving more than forty years service to Christ in China. He died August 8, 1947. Buried at Clarkson, Ont.

      DAISY MACKLIN, M.D. Born in Ontario, a sister of Dr. W. E. Macklin, she graduated in medicine in Women's Medical College, Toronto. [262] She was appointed under the Foreign Society to Nankin hospital and reached there in Nov. 1896. Whilst studying the language she found herself caring for sick Chinese women, whose condition appealed to her womanly heart. Dr. Macklin had no trained nurses and she began to serve, with bad effects on her health. She visited the sick in their homes and taught them of Christ. She opened a women's clinic and taught the Scriptures daily. Overwork compelled her to renounce further efforts and she returned in July, 1900.

      W. C. MacDOUGALL. Born in Wellington Co., Ontario. Educated for ministry at Hiram, O. and Chicago, with degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Was associate head of St. Thomas College at time of his appointment under C.W.B.M. to India in 1906. Taught in Jubbulpore mission College. Married Annie Agnes Lackey on the field. Had long experience as teacher and evangelist, returning to Canada in 1925 for education of his two children. Headed College Churches of Christ, Inc. for several years (see 'Educating for-the Ministry'). Deceased in 1936. His wife and two daughters returned to India in 1945.

      DOROTHEA MACDOUGALL, M.D. Born in India, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. W. C. Macdougall. Educated in Toronto and graduated in medicine at University of Toronto in 1943. Appointed to India under U.C.M.S. and went to Bilaspore, C.P. in October, 1945.

      WILHELMINA MACDOUGALL. Born in India, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. W. C. Macdougall. Educated in Toronto and graduated from University of Toronto and College of Missions. Appointed to India in 1945, going there in October, 1945.

      MARY RIOCH MILLER. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, and as a candidate for the foreign fields she left 'teaching' to do so, in 1892. She became the choice of the women of Ontario and of the Maritimes to replace Mrs. Josephine Smith, the first Canadian missionary who had died on the field, in Japan. The women of both regions were inspired greatly by the work of Miss Rioch. She established a school in Tokyo and a kindergarten and primary grades school; also had a day school for poor children. For two years she was pastor of Koishikawa church. She and her brother David were highlights in mission service amongst the learning and growing friends of missions in Canada. Mary Rioch married George Miller, a missionary, (now deceased) and she is living in Hamilton, Ontario, an honored personality in 'missions' wherever her name is known. [263]

      ETHEL SMITH MONROE. She was born in Erin township, Ontario, and a member of the Church of Christ there. Was a sister of Dr. Martha Smith, who served in India. Ethel Smith married Wilmer Monroe, an American preacher. He was assigned to serve in India by the C.W.B.M. in July, 1904. They served in Mahoba, Baidynath-Deoghur; in 1907 transferred to Jhansi. Evangelism was their service for five years. The climate forced Mrs. Monroe to return to Canada, arriving early in 1910.

      CHARLES T. PAUL. Scholar, linguist extraordinary, projector of the idea of appropriate training for a missionary's life. Born in Bowmanville, Ontario. At age of nineteen he conducted the Toronto School of Languages; met as student Jessie Williams, whom he married, finding a lifelong collaborator. His group became interested in the support of Petrus Rijnhart, a Dutch missionary enthusiast for the salvation of Tibet. Through Rijnhart by mail he learned of Christians in Kansas with whom he had consorted and joined. Thus the Pauls were led into association with Cecil St. Church, Toronto, and he became pastor for a time, ending 1900, when he went to Hiram College to teach languages. While there he developed the largest class in the U.S. devoted to mission study. In 1905, he accepted a call to the University of Nanking as language director, and at the beginning of a brilliant career was stricken by smallpox. His faithful wife, prayer and trust in God, brought the Pauls through. His knowledge gained of the Orient through travel and wide study led him to urge upon the Christian world the need of a new technique of study for missionaries in which language, native religions, and culture should be studied. He joined with the C.W.B.M. in creating the School of Missionaries, and in 1910 he became first president of the College of Missions. In 1911 he established the Kennedy School of Missions at Hartford, Conn. with whom there was affiliation. Dr. Paul collaborated with three other great minds in directing the missionary movement towards a richer development. In this work his unimaginably great linguistic powers were displayed. He became the power behind many missionary lives: owing to his great Christian character and influence. In 1927 the College of Missions was united with the Hartford Foundation as a great missionary training centre. During Paul's lifetime he continued to be the inspiration of his classes. He returned in 1937. Death overtook him on November 25, 1940 at age 71. His rich life requires a volume. Some of these facts are gleaned from the brochure of S. G. Inman "A Gentleman and Scholar", Indianapolis, Ind., 1941. Paul's career for Christ and his disciples was unique on this continent and a potential force for the [264] Kingdom. To have known him for two years added a never-to-be-forgotten value to life. C. T. Paul's secret was 'trust in God'. The Pauls had a son Justus. Mrs. Paul survives (in 1946).

      DAVID RIOCH. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, October 19,1865. Educated at Butler College where he met Minnie Henley, of London, England, whom he married; and they both graduated, in Arts and she in Medicine. A McLean commissioned them to India in 1898; they served at Harda, Hatta, Damoh, Mongeli, Bina, Barela and Takhatpur, C.P. He largely evangelized in villages, but developed industrial experiments and became a recognized expert on building for missions. The Riochs had two children, David and Janet, who both distinguished themselves professionally. He was a man of spiritual distinction in his whole-hearted devotion to his duty. He was humble and loving in nature: none could know him without admiration. He retired in 1932, and was deceased 24 Sept., 1940. His wife Dr. Rioch survived him (in 1947.)

      SUSIE CARSON RIJNHART, M.D. Born in Chatham, Ontario and received her medical education in Toronto. Married Petrus Rijnhart, an enthusiast who travelled to Tibet on foot and learned of the Disciples while in Kansas (see Charles T. Paul, missionary). The Rijnharts spent four years travel and residence in China and Tibet, 1895-1899. On their last journey into Inner Tibet their baby died, and Rijnhart, in seeking help from natives is supposed to have met violence as he never returned. Dr. Rijnhart miraculously reached America and Canada by the aid of friends. Her story created a world-wide sensation. Charles T. Paul helped her in publishing "With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple," in 1901 (New York, Revell.) Dr. Rijnhart in 1902, returned to Tibet in the interests of the Foreign C. Missionary Society, and located in West China, with associates Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Shelton and Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ogden. Dr. Rijnhart ministered to Tibetans and Chinese alike. She exerted an influence for Christ in her contacts with native homes, especially the wives and children. The mission was basically evangelistic. A church of seven were baptized and instructed in Christian living. But earlier experiences told on Dr. Rijnhart and her health failed. In Oct. 1905, she married James Moyes and they removed to Chentu and served the Christian Literature Society. Dr. Rijnhart has since deceased. After other attempts mission effort had to be withdrawn; but Canada it is hoped will some day in Tibet make a fresh beginning. [265]

      JENNIE RILEY. She belonged to Sherbrooke, P.E.I. and was a local worker in the mission band and W.M.S. Became a missionary and is (1942) in India associated with Baptists.

      MARTHA SMITH, M.D. Born in Erin Township, Ontario. Graduated in medicine in Toronto in 1903. Appointed to India under the C.W.B.M. board, and served in Mahoba. medical hospital with fine efficiency. In her furloughs her influence for the cause was felt amidst the churches visited. Deceased in December, 1914.

      JOSEPHINE WOOD SMITH. Native of Cornwallis, N.S. where she was a member of a missionary-minded church which sent several to the East. Since 1881, the Garsts and Smiths have been great missionary names in Japan. Josephine Wood became wife to George Smith and together they reached Yokohama in October, 1883. Mrs. Smith's health failed, resulting in her death in March, 1885. She was the first of our missionaries to die on foreign soil. The C.W.B.M. built a chapel as memorial, calling it after her. (See Cornwallis-Port Williams, N.S.) A. McLean paid her a high tribute in his History of the Foreign Society.

      MARGARET STAINTON. Born in Toronto, Canada, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Stainton. The Staintons are leaders in Christian and missionary circles in Toronto. Two sons are in the Canadian ministry--H. Bruce Stainton, Norwood College, Toronto; received training in Latin languages in Medellin, Columbia, S. America. After her ordination in Indianapolis, in January 1947, she proceeded to her field, in the mission at Asuncion, Paraguay, S. America.

      JESSIE M. TROUT. Born in Owen Sound, Ontario, and a member of that remarkably missionary-minded congregation, of which her parents (Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Trout) were leaders.

      After training she was appointed to Japan in 1921, and as missionary served until 1940. When war's trials were felt in Japan, she was associated with the eminent Christian, Toyohiko Kagawa and translated many of his writings, including two books. She is author of Forward in Missions and Education. She was an associate director of the Emergency Million Movement; was national secretary of World Call for two years, and on January 1, 1946, began to serve as successor to Mrs. Marx, as executive secretary of missionary organizations. Miss Trout is the second Canadian woman to receive a high office from the Brotherhood missionary organization.

      CLAYTON H. WILSON. He was born in Hillhurst, Quebec, and went to Japan in 1921, but owing to ill-health had to return before a year [266] had elapsed. He made quite a name for himself as an evangelist, as well as taking the usual language work and teaching an English Bible class.

      ROBERT S. WILSON. Cornwallis-Port Williams, N.S. was his home church of which he first became minister, then a missionary abroad. He was appointed in 1909 to the Congo work. He married Bessie S. Kidston of Cornwallis, and served 1909-1911, during which time he was responsible for the launching of the Str. "Oregon" on the Congo. Is now a minister (1946) at Seymour, Ind. [267]

[DCC 256-267]