New Brunswick developed four churches in the first period, nine in the middle period, and two in the twentieth century They follow in order of founding.

      Pioneer Period: St. John (Duke Street), L'Etete, Lord's Cove, Leonardville.

      Middle Period: St. John, (Coburg St.); Back Bay, Black's Harbour, Silver Falls, St. John (Douglas Ave.), Burtt's Corners, Keswick, Le Tang, Mascarene.

      Twentieth Century: Dorne Ridge, Nauwidgewauk.

      "In June, 1843, a small body of men and women formed themselves in to a society of Christians", as they termed themselves, and thus constituted the first congregation of Disciples of Christ in this city. In an old book now in the possession of an elder of Cobourg St. church, in which are written the accounts of the congregation in a cramped and almost [309] undecipherable handwriting--but unfortunately contains but little other information of this early church--I find that in January, 1835, the membership numbered thirty-six. Some of the names in this small company, such as Mercer, Bennison, Howitt and Knott might sound familiar to some of the present generation. Nine of these are found on the roll of the membership today, although a few of their descendents hold a place in the church of their forefathers." (So writes James W. Barnes, in a paper delivered to a Mission Band assembly.) The thirty-six charter members of Duke St. church were as follows: Joshua Mercer, Ed. Bemison, Ann Mercer, Elizabeth Lawson, Mary Hewitt, Mary Mercer, Ann Barrey, Ann Knott, Abigail Spencer, Margaret Mercer, Thos. Hatheway, Jos. E. Morse, Helena Mercer, Martha Baird, Mary Nuese, Thos. Knott, Charles Mantell, Daniel Jones, Margaret Jones, Esther Barry, Margaret Mercer, Mary Knott, John Perry, Lester H. Newtt, Sarah Perry, Matilda Bemison, Clarissa White, Margaret Perry, Eliza Perry, Thos. Hosfield, Mary Saunders, Eliza Quinton, Mary Mills, Sarah Ann Ryan. Note, two were dismissed.

      The organizer of this group has been attributed to George Garraty, but of this there is no certainty. Mr. Barnes, in a letter, Nov. 14, 1941, states that he is not satisfied that he was the man, although he knows that W. W. Eaton was before him. "Garraty was the minister of Duke Street in my early boyhood days" he writes, and it is understood that he baptised him. "W. W. Eaton had the oversight of the church in the late thirties and early forties."¹ In the early part of 1835 the group set about building for themselves. They were then meeting in a hall at the corner of Charlotte St. and Horsefield. They leased a lot on Charlotte St. (where Bassen, Ltd., stands). They gave labor or material where money was not possible. The largest contributors were Thos. Knott and Geo. Harding, each giving 100 shillings. Thos. Hatheway gave thirty shillings and paid four shillings at the registry office. (He may have been the recorder of the history). The church at Eastport, Me. sent money more than once: twenty shillings at one time, and later five pounds, seven shillings. Lewis Johnson, M. D., of Halifax, N.S. donated ten double-numbers of The Christian Gleaner, which netted £1:19:9, but the results were still short of the objective. (The Christian Gleaner, of which no copy seems extant, was Canada's first Disciple journal.) From the account it may be assured that the house was finished in 1837. Besides gifts they had the ground rents for a portion of their lot. Mr. Gerow, Mr. Skinner, and Dr. Grey each paid [310] £1:5s a year. The group met for preaching morning and evening. There was no Sunday School, but the Lord's Supper was observed in the afternoon, and at this meeting they took up the "Supper Collection", which fund was supplemented by donations and used by the deacons as a Poor Fund. During these years the congregation was visited by various of our early preachers, such as Benjamin Howard, or John Doyle (1839). W. W. Eaton is seen first in June, 1839, when he began his publication, The Christian. In the December issue he reports the church "as stationary for some months", but that within a few weeks he had immersed two young persons and two others had united, being baptized already. This seems to indicate that for the present he was leader and proclaimer. Eaton commented as follows: "We are living in peace and always have interesting meetings when we meet to commemorate the death of our blessed Redeemer". A long essay in The Christian reveals the primitive attempt to imitate every act recorder in Acts by the early disciples as an obligation to be followed, whether worship, singing, prayers, or obedience to an ordinance. Mr. Eaton's reflections upon the warmth of their fellowship were apparently of a very sincere order. Mr. Barnes notes that the principal expense of the congregation on Charlotte St. seemed to be for candles, which might indicate sermons preached to midnight, after apostolic example. From many studies of primitive groups, such as this, it seems evident that such aims--limited though they may seem nowadays--did just what is asserted: they created deep and strong personal fellowships. They were in a sense duplicate of Jerusalem in spirit; but within them seldom the breath of Antioch. W. W. Eaton (whose work as an evangelist in Ontario and Maritime provinces was outstanding) summed up in his journal the history of the Charlotte St. congregation in The Christian. "In five years one hundred persons had been added to their roll, but owing to some deaths and removals the membership was reduced to seventy", which seems like a very worthwhile record. Reverting again to Bro. Barnes' paper, it is noted that in the year 1852 the Charlotte St. congregation took a forward step in agreeing to raise the sum of $100 for the purpose of co-operating with the American Christian Missionary Society. The Maritime churches were asked to pay for the support of three evangelists, the church to make the selection of laborers. Thus they were native to the soil. In return the Society agreed to pay in $600 for the support of these churches, Another missionary move forward is revealed in the decision to hear a quarterly report on the mission to Jerusalem (our first foreign enterprise). They were able to [311] provide some funds for Bible translation (probably under the American Bible Union). Following this active outlook the congregation undertook in January, 1854, to build for its own work. They bought two lots, sold their meeting house profitably, and in the month of March began the erection of a frame building on Duke St. The great fire of 1877 destroyed this building, and the church continued by meeting in a hall. From The Disciple of October, 1879, it is learned that a new and substantial brick building, 60 x 40, costing $5,000, was erected on the old site. A sermon was first preached there on September 21, 1879, by T. H. Blenus, who was expected to become pastor. Membership was then reported as fifty-two, but it had lost fifty-one members in September, 1873. These went out in order to found the Cobourg St. congregation. Whether this was due to an unexplained rift in harmony, or some other impasse, has not been explained to the writer. George Garraty appears for the last time as preacher in July, 1881, when three ladies were baptized, so J. S. Flaglor reported. One thing may be said: we may confidently write 'finis' to one phase of the Master's work whenever it comes to a full stop, due to human causes, as long as we retain confidence that the Master might (and no doubt will) be ready to further an effort in accordance with the revealed will of God. The Master's way has been sorely baffled by erring disciples since Calvary; but the way of the Cross is still open for His followers to attempt a victorious ending.

      L'Etete is a small fishing village situated on the eastern shore of St. Andrews Bay, below St. George, N.B. The first settlers there were loyalists from New England. The church of the pioneers served also Mascarene and Back Bay. At one time there were both Baptists and Presbyterians in this section and a joint place of worship was planned, a location chosen and lumber drawn to build. But soon (so it is alleged by a writer in The Saint Croix Courier, January 26, 1939) "under cover of night the lumber was hauled to the site of the present Baptist church at Mascarent." Another site was chosen and in 1835 a building was erected that was also used as a hall. In 1853, the building was finished and furnished, an advance on the previous pioneer stage. "From the formation of this church in 1835 until the death of Jos. Catherine in 1851, and perhaps for ten years afterwards, the church was entirely Baptist in faith. The names found in connection with the ministry were Samuel Robinson, Joseph Catherine, and John Walker." [312]

      "In 1856-7 George Garraty received an invitation to preach to the congregation, and as a result of his preaching this organization became known as the 'Christian Church'. The actual organization took place on March 22, 1863, with George Campbell and Harris Greenlaw named as elders. It was re-organized in March 9, 1895, with Alexander MacNichol and Edward Matthews elders, and John T. Catherine and W. R. Wentworth, deacons." The congregation then had 96 members. Under the leadership of R. E. Stevens, of Nova Scotia, in 1905, a handsome new church building was erected, with dedication on June 3, 1906, by J. C. B. Appel, minister at St. John, as speaker. The church building is on high ground and will seat 400 persons. It cost $5,000.

      The list of ministers (given by the source already mentioned) is the following: 1868, Harris Greenlaw; 1870, . . . Hughes; 1877, Joseph A. Gates; 1880-6, R. W. Rideout; 1893-8, Wm. Murray; then J. W. Leonard for a time; followed by R. E. Stevens; 1903-6, G. Nelson Stevenson; 1907-8, G. W. Titus; 1908-10, Thos. Mason; 1913-15, I. G. Shaw; 1915-7, Fred. Rose; 1917. W. L. Hatfield; 1921, J. Ford, 1922, J. W. Hayter; 1915, Wm. Fermer; 1936-8, Robert E. Shaw. An active member of this congregation was Sidney Dines.

      The Maritime Christian Missionary Society has given considerable direction and aid to this congregation. In 1914, F. H. Cappa and wife, assisted by the minister, I. G. Shaw, in a ten days' meeting secured, twenty-five baptisms.

      As will be noted from Back Bay records, L'Etete co-operates usually with that point in the service of a minister. Mascarene also has united in this manner. There are possibly no churches like those with members in the fishing industry, which have to endure the long absences of their members, making a program difficult. From this congregation Medford Conley was ordained to the Christian ministry. He serves the church now and preaches also at Back Bay.

      All Western Canadians know of Fundy Bay with its marvellous tides, its fishing, and its sea-going folk, but little more. For them it must be told that a little harbor called Lord's Cove (name of a local and well-known family) on Deer Island, one of the strongest and oldest Churches of Christ in Canada is located. It is told in the chronicles of the church that on Sept. 15, 1850, seventeen disciples, (led by James Barnaby, of West Isles, and Charles Berry of Boston, Mass.) were organized after the "divine model" of the New Testament. Daniel Lambert, Jr., was elder, and James Adams, deacon and trustee. On Feb. 6, 1853, the first house of worship was dedicated. On August 28, 1853, there were appointed as elders, Daniel Lambert and James Adams; deacons, Thomas Lord, Alexander Lord, and Isaac Richardson. On August 11, 1883 the appointments were: elder, James H. Ward; deacons, D. F. Lambert, James Richardson, John Smith, Albert C. Lambert and Darius Lord. On September 27, 1883, the Church appointed nine trustees and took steps to secure ground for a building. By the foregoing facts the church was founded in agreement with the act of Incorporation for Christian Churches in New Brunswick. On October 11, 1887, the second house of worship (existent in 1941) was dedicated. Elders William and Howard Murray conducted the services. Two buildings are owned, church and parsonage valued at $2,800.

      A later day chronicler has commented on the fact that the people of the Isle, being fisher folk, were of the class from which our Lord drew his first disciples. This act always interests the Canadian disciple who visits from the western provinces. Certain it is that many disciples, or learners, were found in the Island flock and a dominating influence for Christian principles must have been manifest throughout the district. But when we come to scan the list of ministers who have served this church of a fishing village during its over 96 years of life, it is evident that some of its strength must have come from them, for they are strong men, most of them known widely amongst the Disciples. The list follows, being compiled by elder Harry E. Lambert. [314]

      James B. Barnaby (founder), Charles Berry, W. W. Eaton, Thomas V. Berry, Bro. Hughes, Nehemiah Brown, Willet Rideout, A. Linkletter, J. A. Lord, E. C. Ford, O. B. Emery, William Murray, W. K. Burr, C. C. Overbaugh, R. E. Stevens, T. H. Blenus, M. B. Ryan, W. H. Harding, Ralph Gebbie, J. H. McQuerry, A. B. Wade, Warren Leonard, E. E. Davidson, Bro. Sackett, John Lord, Bro. Mason, I. G. Shaw, Bro. MacPherson, Paul Richardson, Bro. Donnelson, Bro. Wright, H. R. Bell, Bro. Percy L. Stiles, George Ford, Henry Mahon, E. C. Stiff, J. W. Hayter, W. L. Outhouse and J. A. Carr, minister beginning in 1941.

      This list of preachers is given some life in a recital of the work of some of them in chapter eight entitled "Beginning of the Churches of Christ in the Maritimes".

      Congregational activities have been numerous throughout the years. Here are some notes about it: deacon Steward Parker, secretary-treasurer for many years; S.S. superintendent C. S. Fountain. Worthy of mention are the teachers and workers in the Sunday School: Dr. Alex. Murray, J. S. Lord, Mrs. Frank Richardson, Mrs. Harold Lord, Hazel Lambert, Harry E. Lambert, Mrs. Richard Waycott, Mrs. Clifford Lambert. Mrs. Edgar Butler has been publications secretary for twenty-six years. Special mention must be made of Mrs. Frank Richardson, a member of the church for over fifty years and a teacher for sixty years. Mrs. J. S. Lord has been secretary of the Women's Missionary Society for thirty-eight years; Mrs. W. J. Warnock, president for twelve years, Miss Hazel K. Lambert, organist for thirty years, and Mrs. Jennie Adams an assistant for many years. Mrs. R. Fountain and Mrs. R. Waycott have also served. A fine group of Christian Endeavor exists, junior and senior. Lord's Cove contributes to provincial church aid, to mission activities under the United Christian Missionary Society, and to our Canadian College at Toronto.

      In ninety-one years of history there has been received into the fellowship of Lord's Cove approximately 800 persons. Some of the strongest men in the Brotherhood have gone from her membership. Some of these are: James A. Lord (sometime editor of Christian Standard, Cin. O.) John Lord, Paul Richardson, J. Warren Leonard, Clifford Lambert, Donald Gardiner. These have all made a place for themselves in the love and esteem of their brethren, and some of them made a living place for their names in the Restoration Movement. But nothing in the foregoing record must be interpreted as being a claim that imperfections have not existed, perhaps in service as well as life; but that all has been done under the impetus of [315] a deep conviction that the word of God was guide and foundation. Church membership two hundred, with active membership sixty.

      Following are lists of officers. In 1911 James H. Ward and C. A. Lambert were elders. Deacons: J. S. Lord, George E. Richardson, George B. Stuart, A. A. Stuart, Clinton Lord and A. C. Lambert.

      In 1918 elders were C. A. Lambert, A. A. Stewart, James Lord, Deacons, A. C. Lambert, Clinton Lord, Daniel Lambert, Harry E. Lambert, George E. Richardson, Auston H. Parker. In 1923 elders were: C. A. Lambert, A. A. Stuart, J. S. Lord and Geo. E. Richardson. Deacons: Clinton Lord, Austin Parker, Harry E. Lambert, Seward Parker, Steadman Fountain, Archer Lambert.

      In 1926, elders: C. A. Lambert, George E. Richardson, A. A. Stuart, Jas. S. Lord, Harry E. Lambert, William Warnock. Deacons, Clinton A. Lord, Steadman Fountain, Austin Parker, Archer Lambert, Seward Parker, Morton Leeman, William Lord, Albion Richardson, Howard Pendleton.

      In 1941 the elders were: J. S. Lord, George E. Richardson, Harry E. Lambert, Albion Richardson, William Lord. Deacons: Archer Lambert, Guy H. Lambert, Seward Parker, Austin Parker, Steadman Fountain. Most of these have served the church for years. May this fruitful church long continue to be a beaconlight for the kingdom on our Atlantic frontiers.

      Leonardville is the companion church to Lord's Cove, lying on Deer Island in the Bay of Fundy, adjacent to Maine. These churches were the very first planted in New Brunswick. At one time there were churches at Campobello and on Grand Manan island (Harding, "Beginnings in the Maritimes,") Mrs. Frank Richardson, local writer, states that on March 14, 1858, (likely after some preparatory preaching). A. W. Rideout organized a church of seventy members, which met in a schoolhouse. W. H. Harding states also that two preachers, named Smith and Cook, were active in Charlotte Co. in early days, as was also a Bro. Barnaby (likely from New England) who preached at both churches. The principal families used in founding and caring for the church were the Leonards, Doughtys, Welches, Kays, Buhots, Conleys. There is no known reason for this uprising in Charlotte Co., but there must have been a leaven working in some localities. Certain it is that in 1859 the American Christian Missionary Society was maintaining three evangelists in the two larger Maritime Provinces. These were Geo. Garraty (of Maine), William Patterson; also John McDonald [316] who became very widely used in early work (according to the press of the times). He had been a preacher for another body and was attracted to the new principles of the Church of Christ. George Garraty became known as the "breaking-up-plough", owing to his strong and merciless attacks on "sectarianism". Of him W. H. Harding writes that "when he came to Charlotte Co. there was a wonderful ingathering . . . it looked as if everybody would become a Disciple of Christ". However, a change came when these young churches had to be without regular teaching. The cause at Leonardville at one time languished, spiritually and financially, because of poor organization. But, at times a good preacher came and visited, with an earnest meeting, and the cause picked up. Some good preachers were Harris Greenlaw and a bro. Linkletter. Then J. A. Gates moved to Charlotte Co. and served Leonardville and other churches for six years and there was a period of prosperity (Harding "Beginnings"). Afterwards Gates removed to Nova Scotia and the work declined. Later O. B. Emery came to the Island in the early 1880's and, after that, for a time the cause went forward strongly, and churches were erected and great hopes created. It was a sort of ebb and flow movement, though such a pattern has been observed away from an island, where tides are a feature. M. B. Ryan, of West Gore, N.S., came to the two churches, Lord's Cove and Leonardville, in 1895, and the churches took an upward swing (Harding). W. H. Harding was pastor at these two churches for two years, having also fruitful meetings at Back Bay. Into this ebb and flow movement came two strong preachers, Howard Murray and E. C. Ford. Other preachers who cannot be designated as to time save by a "period", were . . . Hughes, W. K. Burr (from Ontario), E. E. Davidson, I. G. Shaw, (of Tacoma, Wash.) Rupert E. Stevens and Ralph Gebbie. Some in more modern times are J. W. Hayter, Paul Richardson, Warren Leonard, Donald Gardiner, Wilfred Outhouse, Medford Conley and the present minister (1943), J. A. Carr. Since the coming of Bro. Carr the Lord's Cove and Leonardville churches have been co-operating, with spiritual and membership results accruing. A young people's society of Christian interest was formed (1916), with thirty-five members, and regular preaching is doing its essential work. A Bible School has always functioned. Records show Roscoe Poland as superintendent in 1914. In former years some support was given the Foreign C. Missionary Society. The present membership is placed at sixty, of which ten are non-resident. Encouragement is felt at the response to Bro. Carr's ministry. In the days of the beginning in 1858, the elders were John Leonard and Geo. Kay; [317] later, Geo. Welch and Geo. Leonard. These were succeeded by Daniel Buhot, D. L. Martin. Wm. Kay and Wm. Conley are the present elders. Medford Conley went from this church to the ministry. The church has had a long career, at times at a low ebb, but it has maintained its witness, and it is hoped, will long continue to do so on this Atlantic coast. Mrs. Frank Richardson, through visits to Toronto has brought Leonardville to notice, so far away from this centre.

      The position this church has occupied in the Maritime provinces--and by its priority in a wider field--is one of great importance. The writer feels that perhaps only one of its members could properly relate its story. Nevertheless, from such facts, official and otherwise as are available, the following is presented, with confidence that much more could be said.

      Cobourg St. is the second church in St. John, its predecessor having been inaugurated in a humble manner in June, 1834, by W. W. Eaton, long a leader and editor in the province and elsewhere. The thirty-six charter members of that church, which was known as the Duke St. church, are given under that heading. One thing historically evident in their story is that a group which tried in scriptural fashion to assume an appropriate name, chose the name "Society of Christians", which may suggest the liberty Christian people have to alter, as the real meaning and liberty of scripture becomes evident. From being a timid, individual group, they later adopted co-operative ways with other groups and churches in evangelizing. They first met in a hall on Charlotte St., built a building in 1837, later sold it and built another in 1854, which was destroyed by the great fire of 1877. Later a brick building arose, which is now an annex of Victoria school. "Duke St. received into its membership 100 persons in five years". (W. W. Eaton).

      Cobourg St. records reveal that on Monday evening, Sept. 8, 1873, a special meeting of the brethren was convened in their hall (Y.M.C.A.) Charlotte St. Their declaration was, "We the undersigned hereby form ourselves into congregation to be known by the name of 'Church of Christ', for the purpose of observing the ordinances and carrying out the design of a Christian church--one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is above all, through all and in all". Mr. J. T. Barnes was in the chair and W. A. Barnes was secretary. The first congregation had fifty-one members. The important first call to a pastor was [318] given to Hiram Wallace of Nova Scotia. (His salary is said to have been $10 a week, and board.)

      The following officers were appointed: elders, Jacob T. Barnes, Jonas Howe; deacons, Miller Barnes, R. Phillips, O. B. Emery and John B. Moore. Among other prominent members were J. Browning, Geo. T. Purvis, James Ashley, R. M. Gibson, David Tennant, Samuel Brentnell, and James Emery.

      On June 7, 1876, the lot on which Coburg St. church stands was accepted as a gift by the church and provision of means of building set on foot. James Eustace Barnes gave the land. A building committee began its labors. By Dec. 30, 1876, the school room (first floor) was completed and dedicated by Hiram Wallace. The upper story was added and the building completed by 1880, a cost of $8,000; it was all paid for except $1,200, and this balance was afterwards cancelled through the generosity of James E. Barnes a few years later. The auditorium on both floors are able to seat four hundred persons. In July 1881, Donald Crawford, of P.E.I. was called to preach the dedicatory sermon for the entire building. The property was for some years valued at $15,000; and in 1944 alterations and decorations were added to the cost of $2,500.

      Coburg Street's early history has something unique in that it was the habit then to send coaches for infirm members to enable them to attend the services. The seats, Bibles and hymnbooks have been free also. The church began to assume a place of importance and leadership. Prominent preachers from the U.S.A. were from time to time present, such as Benjamin Franklin (1861); later F. W. Pattee, of W. Virginia, who was pastor at Halifax. Best known name would be Z. T. Sweeney, of Kentucky, a man of wide influence in his time.

      So far exterior affairs. We learn from The Christian, October, 1884, that the church was busy most of the week, according to the schedule of services. On Sunday regular morning and evening preaching, S.S. at 2.15 p.m. Young People's meeting, Tuesday evening at 8, general prayer meeting Thursday at 8. The ladies organized a Missionary Aid society--likely predecessor to the W.M.S. Its officers were: president, Mrs. Wm. Martin; vice president, Mrs. Jas. Ashley; secretary, Mrs. H. W. Barker; treasurer, Mrs. M. Owen. T. H. Capp was pastor at the time, and it was under his ministry that the church building was completed. Another of his works was that he was co-editor of The Christian, when it began its rebirth in November, 1883. Bro. Capp was an Australian, educated at [319] Lexington, Ky. He gave eleven years of service on this field, retiring in March, 1891. Of him Ellis B. Barnes (himself a minister) wrote that he was held in a deep affection for the fine Christian service he rendered in the Maritime. His death occurred July 4, 1925.

      Another early preacher was Henry W. Stewart, who began his work as pastor in June, 1891. He served until the fall of 1899, when he retired. He died May 13, 1903. The full account of his life, printed in The Christian, reveals the high ideals and consecration of this man of God, of whom it was said (as of Paul) that he 'glorified in the Cross'. It was through his efforts that Cobourg St. reached out to establish the cause at Douglas Avenue, North end, and Silver Falls. He also was sent by the churches to Vanceboro, Burtt's Corners, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Halifax, Milton and other places, his church bearing the expense. Of him a writer in The Christian, July, 1903, said "that outside hearers were not listening to a bellicose partisan, but to an intelligent and sympathetic advocate of truth as he saw it." At the time of his death the membership was reported as three hundred and sixty-one.

      Another pastor's work seems to have been outstanding and the occasion is taken of referring to the life and labors of E. C. Ford, one of the stalwarts of the Maritimes. He was born in Milton, N.S. and was constrained to preach, beginning as a layman; took what tuition he could get and continued in Christian service for forty-four years. His name is found in a number of Maritime histories. He was invited to serve as an ad interim pastor at Coburg St. in November, 1909. He came whilst his life was slowing down, for he died in March, 1911, full of honors as a laborer in the gospel.

      Within the recollection of the writer, the years 1923-26 at Coburg St. were banner years, during the pastorate of W. J. Johnston and Mrs. Johnston. These servants gave themselves to Christ and His cause at Portage LaPrairie, Man. (which see); afterwards preparing for their life work by graduating from college at Eugene, Ore. They each served in the co-operative work of their province, Bro. Johnston as secretary-evangelist of the Maritime Christian Missionary Society, and Mrs. Johnston as the field leader in the Women's work in the Maritimes. In a resume of Coburg St. history (Canadian Disciple, December, 1924,) it was stated that during its then fifty years of history a thousand people had been received into its membership. [320]

      The church sustained a great loss in the death of James Eustace Barnes, elder, founder and generous supporter of the work, on August 29, 1897, (The Christian). He was one of the founders of the printing business of the Barnes family, which has lent such generous aid to the Maritime cause. In the church, to which J. E. Barnes seemed to be father, he is said to have "exhibited a character unspoiled by the world. He felt he was a steward of the Lord, a disciple in deed and truth, who sounded no trumpet before him" (said H. W. Stewart, his pastor). The reader will recognize what is implied in this too brief notice.

      A habit of meeting on New Year's day belongs to St. John churches. It suggests the habit of treating the church and its aims as a 'first' service. This congregation has been known across Canada particularly by two persons, J. S. Flaglor and James W. Barnes, both deacons who removed to establish the Douglas Avenue work; but they have been known as representatives of their province in All-Canada work from its foundation in 1922, Bro. Flaglor was deceased on January 11, 1927, after serving the church as deacon and clerk for many years and the Maritime Society as sec.-treas. for thirty-five years. James W. Barnes is still active (1947) in Douglas Avenue work.

      In S.S. work, two or three names stand out for service: James E. Barnes, R. J. Currie and Wm. Munford. Training work comprises the continuation of the Christian Endeavor Society (dating from 1889) as the Joy Society, twenty members: hon. president, D. L. Gardner, president, Mrs. Elsie Smith; vice president, Mrs. Joseph Lee; sec.-treas., Mrs. Blanche Pike. A Women's Missionary Society organized in 1884 functioned for many years. At present two Women's Missionary Societies have been formed, one to support the Morses in Tibet, Mrs. E. M. Stockford, president; and the other supports the Schaeffers in India; Mrs. D. L. Gardine, president, and Mrs. Fred Kern, treasurer. Cobourg St. has taken considerable interest in supporting the Maritime Missionary Society, dominion, and world-wide mission activities. At present the church shares in a variety of outside agencies, such as Boys' work board, provincial ministerial association of all church bodies, the N.B. branch of the Can. Temperance Federation.

      At the annual roll call in October, 1944, the burning of a $1,500 mortgage was part of the proceedings, owing to removal of a $500 balance of indebtedness, over-subscribing same by $300. The occasion marked the end of two and a half years' service by Donald L. Gardner, under whose [321] direction the church was revived in its activities. Bro. Gardner was native to West Gore and served there as pastor before coming to Coburg St. in April, 1942. He is a graduate of Johnson Bible College.

      This too brief history must not be concluded without reference to two others of the family named Barnes, which has figured so largely in St. John. In the August issue of The Christian, 1913, the passing of elder W. A. Barnes (one of the brothers Barnes) is noted in terms of great confidence and respect. In February, 1916, pages were taken in the same journal to record appreciation of the life and lovable character of George F. Barnes, treasurer and organist for many years, leaving a train of human memories marking him as a stalwart leading brother.

      The following ministers have served Coburg St. since organization in 1873: Hiram Wallace, D. O. Thomas, T. H. Capp; H. W. Stewart, G. N. Stevenson, R. B. Ray, S. V. Williams, Howard Murray, J. F. Floyd, H. E. Steele, E. C. Ford, Fred. Ross, Sr., Fred. Ross, Jr., Arthur P. Hodges, S. B. Culp, John Appleman, W. J. Johnston, Frank Custer, R. L. Morton, Paul Richardson, G. W. Titus, Wm. G. Quigley, D. L. Gardner.

      As the result of Home mission work churches were organized at Douglas Avenue, Silver Falls, Nauwigewauk, and the church at Burtt's Corners was re-organized. Services were also held at Drury Cove.

      The following officers have held a place in Coburg St. Elders: Jacob T. Barnes, Jonas Howe, O. B. Emery, James E. Barnes, Milton Barnes, W. A. Barnes, F. R. Barbour, H. H. Gillis, R. J. Currie, A. P. Tresartin, E. Leonard, E. F. Wentworth, R. F. Mabey. Deacons: R. Phillips, O. B. Emery, J. B. Moore, Geo. F. Barnes, J. J. Christie, George Clark, J. J. Leonard, H. Ellis, James Price, J. Emery, J. S. Flaglor, J. W. Barnes, C. H. Leonard, E. N. Stockford, A. E. Coates, K. Outhouse, T. G. Boyne, L. H. Outhouse, C. White, Wm. Munford, W. J. Hawkins, T. F. Fisher, Wm. Laskey, Ralph Thorne, Bruce Thorne, H. L. Titus, 1. K. Titus, A. E. Cook, E. M. Cousins, Lewis Cameron, Wm. Craig, Borden Ling, Charles Bradshaw, Jos. Arthurs, C. W. Bodally, Leonard McCluskey, E. W. Izzard, Jos. Lee. Clerks are as follows: W. A. Barnes, L. R. Morton, J. S. Flaglor, W. T. Dunlop, H. H. Gillis, A. P. Trecarton, E. M. Cousins, Mrs. L. McCluskey. Treasurers, as follows: J. B. Moore, Geo. F. Barnes, F. R. Barbour, R. J. Currie, R. F. Mabey, E. M. Cousins.

      The present board of trustees are: Eustace Barnes, Lewis Cameron, E. Leonard, R. F. Mabey, L. McCluskey, A. P. Trecartin, Ralph Thorne, [322]

      E. W. Izzard, Fred Wentworth, Henry Shillington, John Arthurs, Fred. Shillington.

      Those who entered the Christian ministry were: Ellis B. Barnes (service in Bowmanville, Ontario, and Richmond, Ky.), C. H. Devoe, Howard Buchanan, H. A. Devoe, O. B. Emery, (there two latter of frequent notice in maritime histories) and Donald Stockford.

      The number of additions during past two years totals thirty-eight. Present membership one hundred and forty-three, with one hundred and fifty non-resident. Present officers are: elders, R. J. Currie, R. F. Mabey, A. P. Trecartin, Fred. Wentworth, Edwin Leonard. Deacons: E. M. Cousins, R. Thorne, F. Kern, E. W. Izzard, L. Sprague, Lewis Cameron, Jos. Lee, L. McCluskey, Wm. Craig. Treasurer: E. M. Cousins, assistants, Eustace Barnes, Edwin Leonard. Church clerk: Fred. Kern. Ushers: G. Lewis, Donald Ramsay, Clyde Swift, Lee Jamieson, Gordon Kaye, Frank Perry.

      At the church roll call, October, 1944, when a great financial drive was completed, a plate was produced for the front of the building, in honor of all who had to date served as pastor.

      The "Christian Church" here was organized through the efforts of Joseph A. Gates, a 'lay' and prominent preacher in the period 1872-1893. The organization occurred about the years 1881-2. Gates was a lumberman and part mill-owner and said, by W. H. Harding, to be a good preacher. In a schoolhouse, a group of fifty got a start as a church, and officers were appointed: elders, John Cook and Albert Kinney, both of whom gave long and faithful service and were regarded with the respect and affection of their associates through many years of service. Kinney died about 1920. There were deacons appointed also: Geo. McGee, Lorenzo Kinney, James McGee, Samuel Leslie. For quite a time the church flourished and people were added to the church, owing to the faithful efforts of people who could back such an enterprise. The church had a great opportunity for years and apparently it prospered under the guidance of Bro. Gates its founder. He left the field about 1886 and was followed by P. D. Nowlan. When Bro. Gates returned to the two fields of Back Bay and L'Etete he reported that religious rivalry in a small community proved a detriment to progress. The trouble had occurred through lack of a continuous ministry, when speakers served who disturbed previous convictions. Of the tolerance that can permit others to share in spiritual direction (or perhaps mis-direction), Back Bay [323] has had its share. Later when the church needed guidance the Maritime C.M. Society sent R. E. Stevens, who for a time was a stabilizing factor, and he organized a necessary Bible School, without which a church is cramped. Unable to secure a permanent preacher the group had to get along without such aid, and this illustrates the great need of shepherds of the flock, to take care of those young in the faith. This need--and lacking it, this error--has been apparent in western provinces as well--one of the commonest faults of the cause built upon evangelism alone, without following teaching. The church was helped toward stability in thought by such good men as R. W. Stevenson, Wm. Murray, and M. B. Ryan--known throughout Canada. A period of decline was apparent in the period around 1899-1900. Albert Kinney secured the good work of W. H. Harding, who served Lord's Cove for two years from April 1899 to April, 1900. The St. John Christian, April issue, 1900, reports that Bro. Harding had held a meeting with forty-seven baptisms and some restorations. This effort lasted six weeks and during it a reorganization was effected, with a congregation of about sixty persons. Foster Calder became preacher for the years 1902-3 and there was co-operation with L'Etete and Mascarene, which was natural in this group, owing to proximity. G. Nelson Stevenson next served Back Bay, until July, 1907. In this time a forward movement was made; the building was remodelled and decorated, this including stained glass windows, a tower and bell. In December, 1907, a rededication occurred, served by A. J. MacLeod and Geo. Titus, the latter remaining as preacher during 1908, when some converts were added. In 1909, Thos. Mason was preacher. He was succeeded by E. E. Davidson. Period of disharmony set in. In the spring of 1912, John Lord, of Lord's Cove, served Back Bay and L'Etete, with the help of the Maritime board, and special meetings resulted in additions and consequent uplift. The gospel in operation is always the best tonic for a church's life. In 1913, I. G. Shaw, then of Lord's Cove, aided by week-night meetings, and with the help of F. H. Cappa a revival was held. Fred. Rose succeeded as minister in the fall of 1915, staying to February, 1917. The pull of divisive doctrines was again hurting fellowship. A Baptist preacher filled the pulpit for a year. J. W. Hayter followed for a year or two as minister. Wm. Hawkins and other speakers served for a time. In December, 1926, Lewis Harris began a six weeks' meeting and raised hopes and spirits, baptizing some forty or fifty persons. Another re-organization followed this. The call of bro. Wm. Fermer proved a helpful influence. He served from March, 1929 to May, 1932, acting at L'Etete as [324] well. The church lost its official records by fire in the home of its clerk and from 1916 to 1.933 none were kept. In April, 1933, an unfortunate event occurred which produced a division in the church, and was the occasion of the formation of a new religious body in the community. At this time the church was without a minister. W. J. Johnston of the Maritime board held some special meetings and there was another reorganization, with Wm. Fermer called as pastor and elder. He served until May, 1936, when he removed to another charge. Robert E. Shaw, of P.E.I. was called, and gave a profitable pastorate from June, 1936 to September, 1936. Samuel Capson succeeded for a year, with some support from the board. At present the membership is reduced, but there are still possibilities in Back Bay, and it is hoped to bring back the prosperity which once reigned there. Mention should be made of the late Wentworth Quigley (along with the first two elders noted, all of whom are all gone to their reward). Bro. Wentworth held a name that stood for solid worth. One went forward into the service of the church through the Christian ministry in the person of William G. Quigley. He received training in Ohio, and has had several Ontario pastorates.

      Latest information is that Meaford Conley, a young minister from Deer Island came to the pastorate of Back-Bay-L'Etete in 1943 and is doing progressive work. The Maritime Society and the U.C.M.S. have joined in rendering financial support. The interest of a number of young married people in Back Bay holds out promise for the future, while the Bible School, under Hazen Barrett, superintendent, is making its contribution.

      In a community religiously divided (but perhaps not more than others), in the year 1883, J. A. Gates, preacher in this district, attempted to bring out another group on the principles of the Restoration Movement, or in accordance with simple New Testament rules of faith and order. His preaching won at least twenty persons to his plea, and he reported this in The Christian, February, 1884. More or less regular preaching followed, and a Sunday School was established. P. D. Nowlan, another Maritime preacher worked during the summer and began efforts to secure a building. Appeals were made through The Christian, and in time a modest building was erected and paid for. But the establishment of a Church of Christ did not finally follow, and for some years the building was used for religious services in common. In February, 1924, a re-organization was reported in the Canadian Disciple, and the following were elected to serve as officers: [325] elder, W. J. Hawkins; deacons, Geo. Cross, S. Martin, (clerk); treasurer, L. W. Theriault.

      A Sunday School was begun and fifty-five were reported at an evening service. That summer J. W. Hayter, of Back Bay, held a meeting of five weeks, with thirty-five baptisms, so W. J. Hawkins reported. At latest report the building was being used by the Baptists.

      During the time of Henry W. Stewart, of Cobourg St. church, (its most thriving time) a mission was projected for this beautifully-named spot, and a Sunday School and preaching place established. H. W. Stewart preached there once a week, and other following pastors of that church have done the same. Other preaching members, such as E. N. Stockford, have also given layman service. It is about three miles from St. John, and the aim was a desirable one. A Miss S. M. Lamont is given credit for organizing a building campaign in the fall of 1893, which resulted in an attractive church building being dedicated by H. W. Stewart, on December 17, 1893. A picture of the building, and a description of it in The Christian reveals it as an attractive worship place. Perhaps no other provinces build so "churchy" and attractive a house of worship, and though of wood very often, stained glass is often an adornment. Some few of the members lived in St. John and went out to the mission to assist it; the preaching also was largely of the voluntary type, and thus not so well sustained as might be. In June, 1897 an organization was described, with the following as officers: elders, Henry Shillington, Thos. Garnett; treasurer, Edward Shillington; clerk, David Garnett; deacons, J. Arthurs, Albert Day, D. Garnett. As it became difficult to maintain an independent status, in June, 1901, a decision is noted to the effect that hereafter the church will have its membership transferred to the Coburg St. church and the property given over to Cobourg St. trustees. As a mission point it still continues, along with another called the Garnett Settlement--merely a preaching station. There seems to be wisdom in accepting the logic of circumstances, until changes for a different and stronger aim are possible. Meantime the divided state of Christ's followers as to worship-places continues widely and deeply over countries and continents. His followers may ask with concern, When the unity of the spirit of Christ?

      In Coburg St. Christian church, St. John, the Christian Endeavor Society nourished an idea of growth for the kingdom elsewhere, and, [326] somewhat guaranteed by the Women's Aid Society, launched a Sunday School in Temple of Honor Hall, Main St., North End, beginning Sunday, January 22, 1893. H. W. Stewart, the pastor, also engaged in preaching services on Monday evenings. By March 24, the baptism of a young lady occurred as a first fruit. Sunday School attendance increased so that a large hall was secured in the W.C.T.U. building. There the school had its largest record of two hundred and five, assembling on June 9, 1895. Prospects seemed so bright that financial assistance was obtained from the Home Mission board of N.S. and N.B. and the continued help of the women aided substantially. A full time worker was secured for the preaching services and Wednesday evening prayer service, in the person of Rufus W. Stevenson, beginning first Sunday in November, 1895. Such progress followed that organization was effected for the "Main Street Christian Church" on January 1, 1896. Under the guidance of a meeting, presided over by Wm. A. Barnes, elder of Coburg St: church, and J. S. Flaglor, secretary, a resolution was adopted whereby the signers agreed to organize the church "for the purpose of reproducing primitive Christianity, its doctrines, its ordinances and its life, and to this end may we enjoy the abiding influence of the Holy Spirit". The officers chosen were: R. W. Stevenson; elder, Jas. W. Barnes and J. S. Flaglor, deacons--the latter treasurer, and Bryon D. Lingley, clerk. Bro. D. A. Morrison was added to complete an executive committee. Letters from Coburg St. were presented stating that the withdrawals were made with the church's consent and co-operation. The charter members thus were: D. A. Morrison, J. S. Flaglor, Robert Roberts, John Currie, Jas. W. Barnes, Byron D. Lingley, John Leary, Arthur Armstrong, John McCutcheon, Arthur McKiel, Mrs. D. A. Morrison, Mrs. Jas. W. Barnes, Mrs. Wm. Armstrong, Mrs. John Currie, Mrs. Catherine Wilson, Margaret Roberts, Nina Weelpley, Alice Purvis, Rae Currie, Mabel Leary, Annie Brown, Mabel Belyea. From sister churches were enrolled Mrs. R. W. Stevenson, Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Bagnell, and from Baptists, Mrs. Robinson. With increasing interest, due to very frequent additions to membership, it was decided on March I to raise money for land and building. A lot was purchased from Count deBury and, recorded Dec. 3, 1897. The strenuous activities of Bro. Stevenson so undermined his health that he resigned in September, 1896. He was succeeded by J. C. B. Appel, of Kentucky, on November 15, 1896, and under his long and consecrated leadership of more than twenty-five years a new and ordered life was given to the project of a second church in St. John. A building committee [327] was constituted of the following: Brethren Appel, J. W. Barnes and R. Roberts. A brick building was found too to be costly, and a wooden structure was planned; fortunately construction was not begun, for on May 25, 1899, a mighty conflagration swept the North End of St. John, leaving but chimneys and smoking ruins, where once homes had been. But on that day work on the foundations was begun. The building cost $4,000, exclusive of heating and glazing. The Ladies' Aid, with traditional resourcefulness and courage, undertook to provide furnishings, and stained glass windows were the contribution of evangelist J. A. L. Romig. Mr. Myles was the builder, amidst many difficulties and interruptions the work proceeded until its completion. It was dedicated to God and His work on June 29, 1900, at which service Maritime evangelist A. Martin, preached from I Tim. 3:14-15: "the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth." This dedication of the house, after seven years of waiting for it, was an impressive and memorable occasion. Bro. Appel's service was so long and able that he became known across Canada as an institution in St. John, indeed internationally. III-health compelled his resignation on May 9, 1922, and he has since been deceased. Death has also, removed two former leaders, R. W. Stevenson in Nov., 1926; and Jas. A. Flaglor, on January 11, 1927, in Jacksonville, Fla. (Bro. Flaglor was an untiring worker and a member for many years. He was for some years secretary-treasurer of Maritime Christian Missionary Society, and active in All-Canada Movement.)

      Then followed as pastor Wm. Phillips on Nov. 2, 1922. He came to this work after a journey of 15,000 miles from his home in Australia, and on the way was united in marriage with his life-partner whom he had met as a fellow-student in the College of Missions, Indianapolis, and as a worker in Bethany Social Service centre of that city. He was very active, a scholarly preacher, but in just a little over a year he was called to the life beyond, on March 23, 1924. He was buried in St. John, his wife returning to the United States. For almost a year Bro. Wm. Fermer occupied the pulpit as supply, until the coming of Henry Mahon to the pastorate in March, 1925. He gave a great service, until September 30, 1930, and died in July, 1931, and was buried at Cedar Hill Extension. Dr. Chas. H. Grammer succeeded as pastor in December, 1931, serving until Nov. 1935. A short pastorate was held by Dr. Sykes, until June 24, 1936. Carl Waterworth came to the position Feb. 1, 1937, and remained until April 3, 1938, when he went to Lubec, Me. There followed Wm. Bilson, an Englishman [328] who had been attracted to Guelph, Ontario, in the previous year. He entered as pastor Sept. 15, 1938. During that time the church was somewhat remodelled and re-dedicated by the pastor. Samuel Capson served as supply, and was succeeded in Sept. 1943. Edwin Wyle, an English brother who had served thirty years before in Ontario, but had been in the American work ever since. In late 1944 he was succeeded by Samuel Capson. (Most of the foregoing history is from a MS by James W. Barnes.)

      Such records as memory and our periodicals provide, indicate to the writer that an earnest and consecrated spirit has filled the young people (or those who are young in spirit) in this church. It has been manifest in activity and earnestness, and other evidences of life. In The Christian, May 1896, it is of great interest to note that two stalwarts in our cause, with names so widely known as James W. Barnes and J. S. Flaglor, were respectively president and chairman of Lookout Com. in a Society of Christian Endeavor, organized in Douglas Ave. church. Others who held office were Rae Currie, vice president, Nina M. Wheply, secretary, A. Armstrong treasurer, A. Purvis, Cor. sec. This church, it will be noticed in the first sentence, began "out of" a Chr. Endeavor interest and a Woman's Aid Society. Another name to be linked with activity and progress in the church is that of Ralph W. Pugh, who was known, even to an outsider, as active in Christian Endeavor and then Y.P. work. In 1936, it seems evident that his frequent presiding at meetings entitles him to be considered a leading member. His long co-operation in the All-Canada Movement secured recognition of the same by his election as Chairman in 1942. For some years also he has been sec.-treas. of the Maritime Christian Missionary Society. His life is referred to in chapter 12. James W. Barnes has been the representative of his province on the All-Canada Committee for some years. The home church thus seems to receive honor when its members are recognized as leaders in national affairs.

      Missionary training and interest seem to have been well taken care of in Douglas Ave. A mere glimpse in one year is found in Canadian Disciple, December, 1929, when the Mission Band is reported as meeting every Friday, under the leadership of Mrs. A. L. Roberts, assisted by Mrs. Fred. Welsford, with an average attendance of fifty. This activity leads into the more mature functions of the W.M.S., which at that time had Mrs. Margaret Phillips as president, Mrs. Geo. Armstrong, vice president; secretary Mrs. R. W. Pugh, treasurer, Mrs. Fred Welsford. Mrs. W. Isford has for some years acted as secretary of Douglas Avenue church. Further activities [329] of women are identified in the old familiar Ladies' Aid, led by Mrs. Geo. Scott then, with a history of more than thirty years. The officers of the Y.P.S. (always a growing affair, leading into older leadership in the church) were honorary president, R. W. Pugh; president, Lulu Israel; vice, Walter Folkins; secretary, Bessie MacQuarrie; treasurer, Rose Wheaton. Chairman of committees, Alleyne Armstrong, Lillian Morrell, Verta Roberts.

      A fine and almost exclusive feature of Douglas Avenue church (shared in by Coburg St.) is the annual Roll Call, held on New Year's Day. It is an impressive service, participated in by every one whose name is called, link the present with both past and future. I know of but another Canadian church which uses the day for dedication and review. It may, or not, seem significant in Douglas Avenue, that the church participated in the campaign of all Christian churches in St. John in May, 1917, in a joint effort at deepening the spiritual life of their members. This was effected through the agency of the Evangelical Alliance. This surely points to the fact that all Christians of whatever degree of attainment and knowledge need always to share their fellowship with others like-minded.

      Douglas Avenue had in 1944, one hundred and thirty-six members who participated in the fellowship of recorded offerings in the making up of an annual budget of $3,100. Any deficits are eliminated by the sensible plan of a love gift by members and organizations.

      Coburg St. Church, St. John, loaned their minister, Henry N. Stewart, and he laid the foundations of Burtt's Corners church, and organized it scripturally on May 20, 1894, with thirty-five charter members. Eight more were added during that year. The first officers were George H. Boone, elder: deacons, David Griffiths, Angus McDonald, Medley White. Sixteen other additions followed by the year 1900. The advance was slow, but the congregation was working towards a building of their own. A building owned by Baptists was used. The break came when Bro. W. H. Harding in June, 1901, was preaching chart sermons, which somewhat upset the Baptist-Disciple balance. A move had to be made at once and an enlargement of the church was effected. Elwood Burtt was made elder, and as he was a prominent industrialist and merchant it strengthened the church's position. Deacons were added in the persons of Charles Inch, John Staples, and Charles Staples, with Samuel H. Boone, honorary board member, and William H. Allan, superintendent of the Bible School. Later Bro. Wilson [330] donated a lot and great material assistance was rendered by Edward Burtt. Much work was contributed and a fine new building was erected and later dedicated by W. H. Harding. With a membership of seventy-three the work went forward. On August 10, 1901, Bro. H. E. Cooke was installed as minister. In 1905 a parsonage was erected. During Bro. Cooke's early years especially, the church prospered and increased in membership and Christian influence. The burning of the mill of Bro. Ed. Burtt set the community back for some years, owing to removals. W. H. Harding contributed an important meeting, and that of John H. Wells, in August, 1925, resulted in fifty-two additions. A thousand persons lined the banks of the Keswick to witness the baptisms. A vigorous Bible School acted as a feeder and there was some co-operation with the Foreign Christian Missionary Society. Christian Endeavor flourished in its season. Ministers or evangelists of the congregation have been Henry Stewart, W. H. Harding, George Garraty, T. B. Blenus, H. E. Coke (32 years), Barry McLean, John Carr and C. E. Armstrong. After Bro. Boke's long pastorate had ended in 1932, Barry McLean was called and served until 1936; followed by John Carr, of Greenmount, P.E.I., who acted until 1939. In the Spring of 1940 C. E. Armstrong, of P.E.I., was called. The church was then assisted by the Maritime Christian Missionary Society. After a year's work Bro. Armstrong was able to solve some problems and lift the church to a more progressive plane. His pastorate was broken for some months in 1942, but he returned and is now in a stronger position. (This church is said to have once suffered through calling a man who was unacquainted with its doctrinal position.)

      The remarkable service of Bro. H. E. Cooke deserves recognition. Born at Halifax in 1856, he was at sea for twenty-nine years, and at the age of nineteen had a captain's rank. In winters he studied for some time at Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, and later at Johnson Bible College. His religious leadership was first given energetically to a congregation of Baptists, where he made such a success that he was gratefully remembered. In speaking of this to the writer he said, in nautical language: "They needed it: it was low tide with them." He began his work as pastor at Kempt, Queen's County, N.S. in 1889; served at Westport seven years, at Summerside, P.E.I. for three years; at Southville two years; at Burtt's Corners thirty-two years. In the early eighties an English Secularist, Charles Watt, tried to work havoc amongst the churches. (Secularism denied belief in God or a future life.) In Halifax he was brought to a halt [331] by H. E. Cooke who challenged him to meet an unnamed opponent. On the appearance of Clark Braden, Watt fled without giving battle. (Clark Braden was from the U.S.A. and specialized in defending Christianity, on many occasions, some of them in Canada.) Bro. Cooke died in September 1941.

      Burtt's Corners was the scene of an All-Canada Conference in June, 1929.

      Following is an excerpt from the document signed by charter members in 1894 relative to organization: "We desire that the Church may be simply a Church of Christ, wearing a Scriptural name; that as individuals we be simply Christians, or Disciples of Christ. Our only creed shall be the divine one upon which Christ said he would build his church, and our only book of discipline shall be the word of God. We will gladly welcome into our fellowship any who have been born of water and the Spirit and who desire to work with us in the name of the Lord."

      Here a small church of at least nineteen persons agreed to unite in the simple terms of New Testament obedience to Christ, and the banding together in His name. This was accomplished through the preaching of Henry Stewart, of Coburg Street Christian Church, St. John, N.B. The organization date was in May, 1894. Other details unavailable.

      This little group was apparently in its beginnings in 1896. W. H. Harding mentions its being organized, with no details. The Christian, St. John, N.B., December, 1896 issue indicates that P. D. Nowlan was striving to win others and had three confessions and baptisms to report, with more to come. It was cared for through the ministry at Black's Harbour. This only mention discovered reveals that disintegration began early. Both little churches are 'lost causes' as bodies, but likely some strength was added elsewhere. Precarious as an individual Christian life may be, it has more chances than a hasty organization.

      Charlotte County was the seat of the first churches in New Brunswick, and for a time there was prosperity and progress. Captain S. W. Dick was the leader at this point, in gathering a group of possibly thirty members and erecting a rather handsome church building, with seating for two hundred persons. This house was dedicated by W. H. Harding on October [332] 10, 1897, and an organization effected. The elders were S. W. Dick and B. McVicar. A Sunday school was organized. So small a group could not support a preacher and for a time they were in co-operation with L'Etete and Back Bay. In 1899 R. E. Stevens was able to give them Sunday preaching, twice a month whilst they were co-operating. When a preacher could not he had their local officers carried on. Nelson Leland was one of these very loyal and charter members. By the year 1900, they had declined to twenty-two members; but they gave $25 for home missions. The Maritime board seems to have sent an occasional laborer, but it has long since been proved that to promote activity, effectiveness, and sometimes religious zeal, there must be more than a mere desire to have the blessings of regular worship. Though its success was much desired, it seems evident that the Mascarene church died of organizational failure. There was great faithfulness and loyalty on the part of a few; which is but another way of saying that the lethargy and shortness of view of some denominated "Christians" holds down the cause of Christ.

      A rural church nestling amidst the hills, practically in the St. John river valley. The church grew out of a desire of people of various faiths to have a community church. There was a sprinkling of Baptists, Disciples, Methodists, Adventists and Episcopalians--all sheep without shepherd and having only occasional preaching. The building was raised in 1902, and denominationally was a union church, open to all. About that time H. E. Cooke, minister at Burtt's Corners, established a mission at that point. Gradually there was a drawing towards the Disciples. A good Sunday School, warp and woof of religious culture outside the home, exists. About twenty-five or thirty homes are served with religious fellowship after the New Testament patterns, Charles McLean and Watson McNeill are deacons. Preaching services every Sunday afternoon by the minister from Burtt's Corners. During recent years the church has given a young life to the ministry in the person of Barry McLean, who has served at Central Church, Toronto, and at Ridgetown, Ont. Evangelist W. J. Johnston held a meeting in 1928, at which nine were baptized.

      It was the indwelling challenge of the Great Commission of Jesus (to "Go into all the world and make disciples)" which led to the founding of this church, which lies a few miles east of St. John. This passion was felt amongst certain of Coburg St. Churches, leading them to attempt this [333] permanent witness for Christ and his mission. (This was the firm belief of the present pastor, Donald L. Gardner (1945) and he has given most of the facts related here.) In almost apostolic fashion the mother church on Coburg St. "sent them forth". As early as November, 1887, a group is reported as' meeting privately, likely at the home of Charles Wanamaker, who was active in this way. There is a record too of O. B. Stockford helping the group, which enjoyed worship and the Lord's table under these circumstances. By February, 1898, they were talking of a "forward movement", so Howard Murray reported. A Bible School had been started and the membership numbered fifteen. "They continued to meet as disciples of the Lord" (The Christian). Finally, to rally all the forces and make an outreach, pastor Henry W. Stewart, of Coburg St. held some weeknight meetings, in a hall, and on some Lord's days. These services continued to be held in the home of Bro. Wanamaker and the hall until 1898, when Wm. Murray, well-known Maritime preacher, took over the work of organizing the congregation and later erecting a church building. He baptized seven members the first year, as follows: Mabel Wanamaker, Albert Wanamaker, William Wanamaker, Reuben Wanamaker, Warren Wanamaker, Hattie Wanamaker, and Guy Wanamaker. In November, 1898, eleven names were transferred from the roll of Coburg St. church, and these with the first seven constitute the charter membership: Henry Hill, Charles Wanamaker, Mrs. Charles Wanamaker, Richard Hill, Mrs. A. Wanamaker, Robert Purvis, Mrs. B. W. Hill*, Alice Wanamaker*, Hazel Hill*, L. A. Hill* (*still living, 1942).

      Final organization of the church occurred under Wm. Murray, on November 27, 1898. Brethren Chas. Wanamaker and Henry Hill were appointed elders and the church has regularly observed the Lord's Supper. Work began upon the building. In early 1899, lumber was donated by Robert Purvis, and in the mill of Richard Hill it was sawed, and much other labor was donated, making the work a community one. The building was completed in October and formally opened on November 1, when evangelist J. W. Robbins, for the Home mission board, began a series of meetings. The dedication service occurred on November 22, 1903, conducted by J. W. Robbins, by whose work also twelve additional members were added. They were: Wm. Hill, Walter Titus, Jos. Titus, Maud Wanamaker, Florence Titus, Cora Wanamaker, Robert Hopper, Mrs. Robt. Hopper, Jos. Hill, Mrs. Jos. Hill, B. W. Hill, Joseph Wanamaker, Mrs. Jos. Wanamaker. These were added to the charter member roll. [334]

      On May 14, 1901, the church met to elect trustees for care of the property. The following were approved: Chas. Wanamaker, Richard Hill, Henry Hill, Albert Wanamaker, Robert Purvis, William Wanamaker, Reuben Wanamaker, Leonard Hill, Guy Wanamaker, Warren Wanamaker.

      In 1902 Robert Purvis was added as an elder, making three in this office. For the next few years the meetings were conducted by J. C. B. Appell, pastor of Douglas Avenue church. In 1905 John Lord, evangelist with the Home mission board, conducted meetings and one member was added. In 1916 G. H. Geoffrey held meetings, adding twelve members. Other ministers who have served fruitful terms with the church were: J. Floyd, E. C. Ford, and Frederick Ross (who served two terms and brought in eleven members.) Wm. Hatfield, now with the Baptists, was ordained in the church, July 14, 1915, and labored with the congregation, adding seventeen members, with the co-operation of Fred. Ross.

      From 1916 to 1925, the work was carried on largely by the elders and laymen, assisted by W. J. Hawkins, O. B. Stockford, E. N. Stockford--these three of the mother church. These men were assisted at intervals by the pastors, S. B. Culp, F. J. M. Appleman, Geo. W. Titus, who served at Coburg St. at that time.

      In 1925 W. J. Johnston assumed the leadership and was assisted at intervals by Donald Stockford, then a student minister, now of Temple church, Lubec, Me. During these years the membership was increased by fifteen members. In 1933 Frederick Ross again took over leadership of the mother church and served until his health compelled him to stop. Later he died. His successor was Carlyle Watterworth, pastor of Douglas Ave. 1937-8; under his work three members were added. Young people's work was active at this time. In 1938 Wm. G. Quigley took over the work; one was added. He was drawn 'to the Owen Sound work, Ontario, in 1942, and was succeeded by Donald L. Gardner, and under his leadership eight members were added to February, 1945.

      A Sunday School has been supported during summer and autumn months, Young People's work has also functioned at intervals. The church still holds the Word of God to be the only rule of faith and practice.

      The roll of the congregation contains names of seventy-three living members and at present functions under the leadership of elders and deacons, duly elected on December 1937, and re-elected to office during the fall of 1942. These leaders are: [335]

      Elders: Walter Titus, William Mosher, Carl Beyea, Willis Wanamaker.

      Deacons: Stanley Wanamaker, Ralph Wanamaker, Arthur Ganong, Eber Hopper, Henry Hill, Secretary of the Church, Carl Beyea; treasurer, Stanley Wanamaker, The treasureship was held for forty years prior to his election by Willis Wanamaker; organist, Mrs. Harry Urquhart; assistant organist, Mrs. Percy Henderson; trustees, Willis Wanamaker, Walter Titus, Eber Hopper.

      In the course of the years the church has co-operated in various phases of missionary giving, but has had no organized missionary societies.

      In the summer of 1944, Sterling B. Stackhouse worked as a lay preacher and did good work visiting. He was instrumental in holding an Honor Roll service unveiled for men in the forces from church and community. He was later ordained, and at present ministers at Cross Roads, P.E.I. In observable manner, this small church has functioned as a community church or centre and has faithfully tried to hold high the Torch of life for this, and it is hoped, for succeeding generations.

[DCC 309-336]